Evaluate aspects of inclusive learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluate aspects of inclusive learning - Essay Example Nevertheless, when bearing in mind inclusive learning and the need for belonging, there are extra measures a teacher can take (Simpson, 2014: 1). In planning of lessons, it is significant to not only consider what is being taught and where but also how (Melbourne, 2012: 1). In order to aid the feeling of an inclusive group, a teacher can take into consideration the learning physicality of the environment and if possible change it to support inclusivity. Where suitable this could be as modest as moving desks from a theatre style to a horseshoe style or cabaret to boost group communication as well as ascertain that all students can access or perceive their teacher equally. This action is supported by Bandura’s social learning theory. This theory says that learning happens in a social context just as much as what is learned is via observation of others (Bandura, 2014:Â  1). By having seating arrangement in a way that creates clear lines of sight and simple social communication, the teacher will permit students to develop a social bond to aid learning. In conclusion, inclusive teaching is all about accommodating, recognizing, as well as meeting learning needs of all students. In addition, it acknowledges that students have a range of personal learning needs. Melbourne, L. 2012. PTLLS PGCE CTLLS Post 16 Education Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 April

The Crucible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Crucible - Essay Example This suggests that not only does Willy Loman represent the ‘American Dream’, but the dreams and hopes of every man who wishes to do well by his family but is not quite living up to his own standards. The play won a Tony in 1999 for a revival of the work. Miller, then 84, was thrilled to be able to be at the awards show and see one of his greatest works receive such a prestigious award fifty years after it first was produced on Broadway (Moran 226). The work has lasted the test of time, the writing so poignant that the message is clear and understood even by modern audiences. It is possible that a modern audience can relate more deeply to the plight of Willy Loman. The depth to which consumerism has taken over the lives of Americans has lead to a belief that everyone is equally entitled to the luxuries of life and that it is not relevant to the socio-economic status of the individual. According to Marron, one myth of debt â€Å"presents credit as the social equalizer, of promoting higher standards of living among the masses and allowing all to enjoy the realization of the consumerist desires† (3). Willy Loman lives by reaching for that standard of living without having actually reached that standard of income and this is a familiar lifestyle to the modern American public. According to Cody and Sprinchorm â€Å"The working title of the play was â€Å"The Inside of his Head† which is where the play takes place - the immediate events, the evocations of the past, the fantasy memories† (336). The staging of the play is done in such a way that the past and the present can converge, Willy’s memories weaving in with his present experiences in order to reveal how he has arrived to this place where he feels he must make a dire sacrifice for his family. Jo Meilzner was the original set designer for the first production of Death of a Salesman. He designed the set with multiple levels so that the movement from one space to the next wa s done through lighting rather than changing the stage. He created effects that could change the time period in which the dialogue was taking place as Willy’s memories converged with his present circumstances. â€Å"When lighted from the rear, the buildings washed out to be replaced with projections of trees with leaves, suggesting Willy’s remembered past with its bright sunshine and cheerful ambiance† (Barranger 258). Influences of Memory The way in which memory is used within the play is indicative of the way in which Miller saw the act of remembering in relationship to the present circumstances of a man. While often times memory was part of a flashback or was brought up through conflict that resulted in revelation, Miller chose to place memory into the present, creating a living, palpable presence that was part of the moment. Miller stated that â€Å"There are no flashbacks in this play†¦ but only a mobile concurrency of past and present† (Cody an d Sprinchorn 336). This can be witnessed within the interchange between Willy and Charley when the memory of his brother Ben intrudes upon their conversation. Ben: Is Mother living with you? Willy: No, she died a long time ago. Charley: Who? Ben: That’s too bad. Fine specimen of a lady, Mother. Willy (to Charley): Heh? Ben: I’d hoped to see the old girl. Charley: Who died? Ben: Heard anything from Father, have you? Willy (unnerved): What do you mean, who

A Report On IP Video Surveillance

A Report On IP Video Surveillance The report is organized in the following way. The report starts with the introduction of the topic that includes the sub headings of: Aims and Objectives Literature review How does the IP video surveillance works Advantages of the IP video surveillance Disadvantages of the IP video surveillance Comparisons with the traditional video surveillance techniques Purpose of the research This is followed by the second chapter that explains the methodology of the research done. This contains the following sub headings. Definition of the research Reason for the research Research Philosophy Research Approach Research Strategy The research process Sampling of the Data Collection of the Data This is followed by the next chapter which is Findings and Analysis which consists of the following sub headings. Observations made Analysis of the observations. Other critical Findings. Inference and the basic derivations. Limitations of these findings and analysis This is followed by the last chapter which is Conclusion which takes the various aspects of the report and summarizes all the contents. Introduction PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH This research project which is titled as IP video surveillance in todays business environment is purposed to investigate, identify and explore mainly the following dimensions related to: The advantages and disadvantages of the IP video surveillance over the conventional and the traditional analog video surveillance. Explore the potential of the IP video surveillance in the fields like security, safety, and other business related purposes. Listing the latest and the most recent innovational developments in the field of IP video surveillance. Finding the designs related with the implementation of the IP video surveillance systems. Justifying the investment in the IP video surveillance for the business purposes. The video surveillance is finding the new applications in the physical security and safety in the various fields. To combat with the terrorism and theft along with finding the ways through the technological innovations to protect the personal and group properties and asset, the IP video surveillance technique is presently on its boom. This research project focuses on analyzing such benefits of the implementation of the IP based surveillance of the videos to see how the loss of the property and the time by the theft and other reasons can be avoided that affects the profits and the sales of any business or the organization whether it is a private firm, government organization, manufacturing units, retail stores, etc. The research is also focused on finding the methods and determining its feasibility to develop a security system be it the centralized or the distributed one for the world wide businesses and some other purposes by the use of the IP network enabled instruments for the video capture and other features. Another focus was to analyze the various aspects and protocols needed to assemble the various facilities available in the form of the internet and the world wide web with the various types of cameras and other electronic devices to transmit and receive the videos, communicating the data with the required control and security and the transmission of the related information in the most appropriate and the convenient way so as to seek the ultimate benefits to the business oriented environment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The main aim of the project IP video surveillance in todays business environment is to determine and study the capacity and potentiality of using the IP video surveillance and finding the most appropriate and feasible applications of it in the todays business environment through an in-depth analysis of its design and implementation. The main objective of this project is to study the over topic IP video surveillance and analyze its productivity and feasibility along with the justifications and the list of the advantageous factors for the implementation of this technology for the business related purposes. Other objectives of this project are also listed below: Exploring and understanding the benefits of using the IP based video surveillance in the security, safety and the management related issues of the business. Getting the justifications for the recommendation of the use of the IP video surveillance for the business purposes. To have a critical understanding of the concepts related with the available IP video surveillance technologies and the pros and cons of each of these concepts if applicable. To indentify the recent and the latest technological innovations in the field of the IP video surveillance with the emphasizing focus on the use of intelligence in the process involved in the form of video analytics. Analyze how the existing equipments and the systems can be utilized with the required modifications in order to get a planned migration from the existing video surveillance to the new technologies of the IP based video surveillance system. To analyze the construction and design for the implementation of the IP video surveillance system. The research will provide a deep insight of the technology of IP video surveillance along with the consideration of the existing, conventional and traditional ways of doing the video surveillance. The research has analyzed the different aspects of the changing trends with the complete overview of the advantages and implications of implementing the technology with the detailed report of benefits related to the security, safety and management of the businesses and their feasibility in the light of its complexity, monetary required and other essential elements. LITERATURE REVIEW In the literature review of this project, I have made a deep study of the published and unpublished work to understand and analyze the different concepts related to the video capturing, surveillance techniques and algorithms, various internet protocols along with the requirements and essential needs for the business professional and firms and the security and safety issues related to it. Several elements and components related with the project were analyzed and studied with the different perspectives to get an idea and the base to predict and get the inferential analysis of the fact and figures to get the final results and conclusions to predict and present the recommendations in the light and support of these analysis. The reviews and the reports were taken as the secondary source of the data which means that they are not based on the new findings or the experimental researches but just the referential reading material containing the data that has evolved out of the previously done researches and experiments to support for the further research and development. (What is a literature review?)It helped me to build the substantial knowledge base and the acquaintance of various methodologies for the study of the taken research project of IP video surveillance with its application in the todays business environment. The reviews and the studies were made from the different available resources like journals, books, reports, published or unpublished interviews, doctoral thesiss, doctoral presentations, newspaper articles, business reports, research papers from the different national and the international conferences and student project reports. This gave me enough insight of the previous researches done and the further research required and also helped me to know my domain of how I can contribute for the further research. These literature reviews also helped me to build up a base full of the knowledge and the logical aspects for the analysis of the information and the data gathered from the intensive interviews conducted. (What is a literature review?) The study of the few statistical concepts were also done to have a better understanding of the data and also for the removal of any undesired and unrequited error that may have crept in due to the negligence or the ignorance of the interviewee. To better understand the concepts of the digital and the analog practices and the technology of the CCTV surveillance I gone through the CCTV Surveillance, second edition book available at the Google books. (Kruegle, CCTV surveillance: analog and digital video practices and technology, 2006) The loss and the crime prevention techniques were studied from the Handbook on the loss prevention and the Crime prevention by the Lawrence J. Fennely which explained the benefits of implementation of CCTV video surveillance to the institutions. (Fennely, Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention, 2003) The researchers conducted by the IMS showed that the IP video surveillance is the fastest growing field of research in the physical and the remote security. (The business to business trade publication for information and physical Security profe, 2009) The increasing sophistication of the video analyst software and its integration with the other sensors were understood from the book Protecting Privacy in Video Surveillance by Andrew Senior. (Senior, 2009) The changes in the technologies, advantages and disadvantages of the IP video surveillance system, etc were studied from the different sources like an article by Lucy P.Roberts. (How IP-based video surveillance works) There is a growing need for information to support business intelligence application. Business intelligence information such as counting of people going in or out of the store, determining customer shopping habbits, information on the store occupancy information, and the others can be gathered using the video analytics. (Branislav, Embedded Computer Vision, 2009) Besides, several research papers like Towards developing Secure Video Surveillance over IP, Design and implementation of an IP-based Intelligent Video Surveillance System were also studied. Basics The IP video surveillance is one of the most promising technologies of the future that is designed to work on the Internet Protocols and allows the users to get the view of the distant images digitized over the local area or even the wide area network. The devices like high resolution video camera, CCD, etc takes the scene in front of it, converts it to the corresponding digital signal send it over the network, where it is transmitted to the computers, servers, etc to finally reach the destination. The server has the responsibility to manage all these information. These digital images are managed, recorded, displayed, and retransmitted to any part of the world using the various tools and techniques with the various software, hardware and algorithms. The software packages that is involved with the use of the video surveillance can be modified to serve for the various purposes like analyzing the data, selecting some of the features and the objects to watch for, hosting various function s, analyzing the environment, thus building it into the a powerful customizable tool for security and various other purposes. (Video Surveillance Technology) The IP-based digital video surveillance makes the use of CCD cameras which are the charged coupled devices, and use the digital signal processing tools and algorithms that sends the packetized or the buffered video streams over the LAN or WAN using the standard TCP/IP communication. (Video Surveillance Technology) To make the better utilization of the bandwidth, the transmission is done through a Cat 5 cable rather than the coax cable network. The IP video surveillance can also provide various intelligent data mining and information retrieval techniques to smartly analyze and extract the logical information from the video being processed. The tools and techniques like the data encryption and some others can be used to protect the transmitted data against the image processing in order to do away with the security issues if they are essential for the transmission of the videos to the remote locations. The technologies of the IP video surveillance is getting more and more advanced and in the recent developments the companies like D-Link and Linksys have developed such efficient digital cameras that have actually integrated the built-in web servers and no external device or computers are required to operate them with the signals being transmitted directly to the required remote locations for the storage and play-back purposes. (How IP-based video surveillance works) HOW DOES THE IP VIDEO SURVEILLANCE WORKS Earlier the technology that was used for the video surveillance was the analog technology. The process was quite simple with the use of the closed circuit televisions (CCTV) and the recording on the tapes. The recording used to be fine, where the images and the videos were used to get recorded on the storage devices and played back later on for the surveillance purposes but the problem was that it didnt broadcast the actual live information, so although it used to provide the essential information but was obviously impractical for monitoring the remote locations, etc. The quality of the picture was also not very good and also the human reliability was required as someone has to interfere with the system time to time in order to change the tapes regularly, etc. (Networks, 2010) In the simple terms, it provided the video after the happening of the fact and not instantly. With the revolution in the internet technologies in the 1990s and the increasing presence and the demand on the Local Area Network revolutionized the field of the video surveillance too. Now, the traditional analog cameras were able to be replaced by the digital ones and the Charged Coupled Devices (CCD) which came into the existence and gradually became affordable to most of the people. (Networks, 2010) With this revolution in the field, it provided the surveillance to do the important things like going live over the internet or a closed network for the purpose of surveillance, provide the better picture quality, clearer in view which can be easily manipulated. With the digitized images, it became much easier to zoom the images, track the particular scenes and enhance the feature as the user desires which has a large number of applications in law enforcement, defense purpose, research and development processes. (Video Surveillance) ADVANTAGES OF IP VIDEO SURVEILLANCE There are a number of advantages of the IP video surveillance for the home, business, defense, and research related purposes. Some of them are listed below (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage): The IP video surveillance can be very efficient in terms of its flexibility as the IP cameras can be highly mobile in the terms that it can be moved anywhere in the network having the IP standard. This mobility and the flexibility can be of very high level in case of the wireless networks. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) The cameras used in the surveillance, the IP cameras can be provided with the modifications to implement the distributed intelligence. This can be done by the various ways like adding the video analytics right on the cameras allowing it to get the scalability in the analytic solutions. (Benifits of network video Surveillance) The IP video surveillance also allows the two-way audio/video transmission through a single network cable which can allow the users to communicate with what they are seeing. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) With the development of the type of cameras in this field, various high range cameras with the high resolution which can provide the multi-megapixel resolution of the image and the HDTV image quality as high as 30 frames per second on a normal network. Transmission of the digital commands for the features like pan, tilt and zoom (PTZ) via a single network cable is also possible. (Benifits of network video Surveillance) The transmission of the videos can be done through the various encryption and authentication methods such as WPA, WPA2, WEP, TKIP, AES, etc. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) Another advantage of this technology is that it is highly remote accessible i.e. the live videos captured from one place can be viewed from anywhere in the world, any computer, any internet enabled device, also from the mobile smart phones, etc even they can be correspondingly viewed from a number of places at the same time. (Benifits of network video Surveillance) For the large systems like those that have more than 25-30 cameras, the IP video surveillance system becomes highly cost effective. The IP video surveillance can also be managed to function over the wireless networks which requires only the initial configuration through the routers after which they are ready to be used in the wireless network. This technique is of the extreme importance for their use in the navigation purposes in the defense forces. (Wireless Internet Video Cameras) The cameras used in the surveillance i.e. the IP cameras mostly do not require the additional power supply and can be operated using the PoE i.e. Power over Ethernet using the PoE protocol which derives the power from the Ethernet cable for the cameras to operate. (Power over Ethernet (PoE)) DISADVANTAGES OF IP VIDEO SURVEILLANCE With the number of advantages of using the IP Video surveillance, there are also few disadvantages related to its use. Some of them are listed below (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage): Comparatively high cost related with the surveillance due to higher initial cost related with the camera and its installation except for the cases when the cheap and less expensive webcams are used. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) If the system is transmitting the videos over the public Internet rather than a private LAN whether it is the CCTV or the DVR system, the system becomes quite opened to the hacking and cracking via the internet. Attackers can attack to the transmission stealing the various personnel, business or defense information which can be very harmful for the users. (IP versus analog cameras) The bandwidth required for the system is very high. A typical CCTV camera system of the resolution of 640X480 pixels and 10 frames per second in the MJPEG mode requires the bandwidth as at least 3 MB/S which is quite high for a normal user. (IP versus analog cameras) The installation procedures of the camera systems are considerably complicated and require the professional technical assistance. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) COMPARISON WITH THE TRADITIONAL VIDEO SURVEILLANCE TECHNIQUES As described above earlier the analog or CCTV/ DVR system was used for the purpose of the video surveillance instead in comparison to the topic of our discussion which is IP based video surveillance. The comparison is summarized in the following table: Sl no. IP Video Surveillance Analog or CCTV/DVR Video Surveillance 1. The IP based video surveillance means the instant transmission of the images anytime anywhere and in the world. The live transmission of the obtained video is neither possible nor practical. 2. The quality of the recorded video does not decreases with the number of replays or repetitions. The quality of the storage gets poorer an poorer with the repetitions. 3. The IP standard can be used to control a number of cameras at the same time from one remote location 4. The recording on IP basis can be highly compressible and can be transported in the various ranges of formats, size and quality. Storage of the analog videos is generally much more bulky than the digitized ones. 5. Digital picture quality is generally better to that of the analog ones. The image quality is inferior to that which is obtained from the digital ones. 6. Encryption can be done for security purposes for the digital images. There are almost no encryption techniques available for the analog videos. 7. The updating in the requirements can be done very easy and inexpensively by having the updates and add ons in the software package or Internet networking. The updating just means the updating in the hardware. 8. The frame rates are adjustable. Frame rate can adjusted only through the hardware not through any algorithm. 9. The number of cameras can be easily added, removed or modified with very ease. The number of cameras can be added or deleted only in the set of 16 as in the case of DVRs. 10. Sharing can also be done on the wireless networks like Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wifi, etc Only the physical transport of the tapes is possible. 11. Standard IP video compression techniques can also be utilized. These techniques are not applicable here. ibliography Branislav. (2009). Embedded Computer Vision. Springer. Fennely, L. J. (2003). Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention. Elsevier. How IP-based video surveillance works. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2011, from Video Surveillance Guide: http://www.video-surveillance-guide.com/how-IP-based-video-surveillance-works.htm IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2011, from IPMarket.Info: http://ipvideomarket.info/report/should_i_use_ip_cameras__reviewing_ip_camera_advantages Kruegle, H. CCTV Surveillance, Videos services and technology. Kruegle, H. (2006). CCTV surveillance: analog and digital video practices and technology. Butterworth-Heinemann. Senior, A. (2009). Protecting Privacy in Video Surveillance. Springer. The business to business trade publication for information and physical Security profe. (2009, February). CXO Media Inc. Vol. 8, No. 1 , p. 36. Video Surveillance. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2011, from Video Surveillance: http://www.videosurveillance.com/

Feelings That Kill Essay -- Racism Racist African Americans Essays

Feelings That Kill Racism is defined as the mistreatment of a group of people on the basis of color, race, religion, or national origin. The term racism can also be used to represent a hatred or prejudice toward another group. The novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, takes place during an extremely racist time in America. Nella Harper Lee wrote this novel to give her readers a harsh sense of the segregation that went on in the south during this time period. Between the years of 1925 and 1935 there were many problems facing the south. The depression brought job and poverty issues to many blacks, which increased the segregation. To Kill A Mockingbird has many parallels between the fictional segregation in the novel and the factual racism that actually took place in this time span. Between the years of 1882 and 1968 there were many different types of racial discrimination and mistreatment of blacks. One of the main types of this behavior was lynching. â€Å"Lynching is the practice whereby a mob, usually several dozen or several hundred persons, takes the law into its own hands in order to injure and kill a person accused of some wrongdoing. The alleged offense can range from a serious crime like theft or murder to a mere violation of local customs and sensibilities† (The Reader’s Companion to American History). Lynching can also occur just from the violation of a local law, as stated in the definition. An example of this occurred in Birmingham, Alabama in 1925. â€Å"A group of black women, including Indiana Little, who was a social worker, are beaten by election officials while attempting to register to vote† (Browne). These women were trying to register to vote, but were beaten by white officials only because it was against th... ...001. University of California, Los Angeles. 10 Mar. 2002.<http://www.thediasporaproject.com/research_topics/race_timeline.htm#Tse kani Browne>. Lee, Nella Harper. To Kill A Mockingbird. Philadelphia: Harper & Row, 1982. Ransdell, Hollace. "The First Scottsboro Trials." REPORT ON THE SCOTTSBORO, ALA. CASE . 1999. American Civil Liberties Union . 10 Mar. 2002.<http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_HRrep.h tml>. "The Handbook of Texas Online." The Texas State Historical Association. 23 July 2001. University of Texas at Austin. 12 March 2002. <http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/print/SS/jcs6.html> Zangrando, Robert L.. "The Reader's Companion to American History." Houghton Mifflin Co.. 1991. UIUC. 10 Mar. 2002. <http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/lynching/lynching.htm>.

Running head: WHAT ARE ADULT LEARNING PRINCIPLES?

Running head: WHAT ARE ADULT LEARNING PRINCIPLES? Title Principles about Adult Learning Author Michael McElrath Author Affiliation Liberty University Author Note This paper was prepared for INFT-101, B61, taught by professor K Abstract Adult learning theory became well known in the US during the 20th century. Industrialization resulted in substantial demands for training. Then, they continue education for adults for the one already completed their elementary and secondary education.There is several numbers of dimensions of learning. There are also several kinds of memory. The training performance should remember and exercise the independence of the trainee as a self-directed person. The training materials should guarantee the trainee as a self-directed person, as well as exercise the experiential base that the trainee brings to the training position. Adult learning theory can certain improve and format training activities. They should be carefully by being reviewed by both the traini ng staff and line manager. What Are Adult Learning Principle?A previous issue of â€Å"Effective GMP† (Journal of GXP Compliance, Summer 2009, Volume 13, Number 3) identifies and briefly discusses the following key points that should be considered in management of GXP training program: 1. Training policy, standards, and procedures documented. 2. Training process strategy and approach defined. 3. Principles of adult learning theory considered. 4. Training needs analyzed and prioritized by risk analysis. 5. Collaboration of affected groups with defined responsibilities and requirements for each group. 6. Trainees and their organizations are â€Å"customers† of training. . Training appropriate for task. 8. Training materials and materials and methods appropriate and effective. 9. Qualified training personal. 10. Training performance. 11. Training effective monitoring and maintenance. 12. Change training if needed. 13. Training documentation. 14. Efficient and cost-effecti ve training. 15. Senior management support training. Also, the authors of the Journal of GXP Compliance have received several questions about the principles of adult learning. The questions were combined into seven and they have important material for learning in them.Principles about Adult Learning Learning Theory Adult learning practice and theory became well known in the history and education in the new life age. There were so many reasons for this. Industrialization results in many requests for whose training and continuing education for their self as an adult. The requests were on the rise by the development of the science-based companies. Adult education became organize in the system and then they learned professional. †During the 1920s, Lindeman, proposed a set of adult learning principles† (see in Table 1) (Eduard C. Lindeman, 1926, p. 39-40).Implications For Training Persons are responsible for organizing the training programs to classify to the groups about the differences in conduct training. The questions that are considered: 1. Is this training for new hires or repeat training for people who have been doing the job for 20 years? 2. Will the trainees be doing this work for one week and then be released, or will they be doing this work for an extended period-like one year? 3. What are the perspectives of the individuals to be trained? 4. Are they highly educated and experienced pharmaceutical scientists or newly hired workers without any background in the industry?Each of these questions can highly affect the performance of your training or your work. Table 1: Lindeman’s principles of adult learning| MotivationOrientation to learn| As adults experience needs and interests that can besatisfied through learning, they are motivated to learn. Adults have a life-centric orientation to learning. | Experiential base| The richest source for adult learning is experience. | Self-direction| Adults need to be self-directed. | Individual diffe rences| Individual differences increase with age. | Adults Learn Differently Than ChildrenThis is a principle of adult learning theory that discuss that adult learns differently than children do. Pedagogy comes from a Greek name. 1Pedagogy means the teaching of children. The spokesman during the adult training was Malcolm Knowles. â€Å"Influenced by a Yugoslavian adult educator Dusan Svicevic, Knowles began to use the term â€Å"andragogy† (Malcolm S. Knowles, 1989, p. 8). 2Andragogy is the meaning of teaching of adults. â€Å"Knowles stressed the difference between the education and training of children (pedagogy) and the education and training of adults (andragogy)† (Malcolm S. Knowles, 1989, p. 79). He argued that there are a number of dimensions along which adult learning differs from that of children† (Malcolm S. Knowles, 1984, p. 12). †These include self-concept, experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation to learn† (see Table2). (Malcolm S. Knowles, 1970). Table 2: Dimensions of Andragogy vs. Pedagogy. | Self-concept| The maturing person’s self -concept moves from one of being a dependent personality toward one of being a self-directed human being. | Experience| | Readiness to learn| The maturing person’s readiness to learn becomes oriented increasingly to the developmental tasks of his social roles. Orientation to learning| The maturing person’s time perspective changes from one orknowledge to immediacy of application, and accordingly the orientation toward learning shifts from one of subject-centeredness to one of problem centeredness. | Motivation to learn| As a person matures, the motivation to learn is internal. | There are some many that are alike and different in Lindeman’s principles. The principles of Knowles are clear. There is a major difference in one of Knowles principle that he stresses it is called vocational learning. Implications for Training The i mplications of Knowles’ principles for training are also clear† (James C. Fisher and Ronald L. Podeschi, Oct-Dec. 1989, p. 345-353). †There are two implications that should especially be stressed† (Malcolm S. Knowles, Dec. 1979, p40-42). The trainee’s should understand remember the process of the training as a self-directed person. †The trainee’s experiential base† (D. Randy Garrison, Fall 1997, p. 18-33). The manager of the training materials should advance the material to involve the trainee as a self-directed person.They also applied the experience to the training program. An example to this is that when someone reads you something out loud that is poor approach to training -it means that the trainee can’t read for themselves. The program gives you least one or two days to read over the procedure. Then you can bring anything that you need to discuss with you during your training at your work. †Technical training is a response to some performance gap on the part of employees† (p. 18-33). 3No gap means no training is needed. When work places require unneeded training it has a negative effect on it that’s the bottom line.During, a training session let the employee test out in a training session. This way it will be cheaper, faster, and better for the employee’s to meet the training requirements. How Can We Tell If Employees Have Really Learned? The best way to discuss this question is to recognize the complex of the problem. † There are a number dimensions of dimensions of learning; there are several kinds of memory; there are multiple environmental and cultural factors; and there are methodological differences between various studies of learning across the lifecycle (Christopher Hertzog and John R.Nesselroade, 2003, p. 639-657). All of these factors are the answer to the question. †In 1950s,in a series of publications called the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Benjamin Bloom (1913-1999) and his colleagues distinguished three domains of learning: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor â€Å"(David R. Krathwohl and Lorin W. Anderson,2009,p. 107-110). † For instance, within the cognitive domain are the categories of knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation† (Benjamin S. Bloom, 1956, p. 62-200). These groups are ordered: to understand a fact.The affective departments are the groups of receiving, and responding are the inputs. The other groups are organizing, valuing, and internalizing values. The groups are also ordered to receive an input. † The knowledge dimension has four categories: factual knowledge, conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and meta-cognitive knowledge† (Hugh Munby, Nancy L. Hutcchinson, and Peter Chin, 2009, p. 1765). All of them are nouns. †The process dimension has six categories: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creatin g.These are all verbs. Like Bloom’s earlier categories, these categories are ordered†(Lorin W. Anderson and David R. Krathwohl,2001). This allows the development of a taxonomy table that handles the behavioral objectives. (see Table 3) Table 3: Taxonomy table for cognitive domain (2001). Categories of knowledge Categories of Categories of Categories of process Remembering process Understanding process Applying Factual Conceptual ProceduralMeta-cognitive Categories of knowledge Categories of Categories of Categories of process Analyzing process Evaluating process Creating The proper cell is identified in each of the training objectives. For example, the manger comes up to you at end of your shift to ask you to clean the machine. This way you can â€Å"identify† any visible residue on it. 4Identify refers to process category remembering, specifically to this particular behavioral objective. Visible residue refers to the knowledge category factual, specifically to the sub-category specific detail. To make sure as a trainer your train your trainee right way through the objectives and adult learning theory. How Can We Tell If Employees Will Remember The Training? You know you do a good job at training other people, but how do we know they are going remember and use the training that you taught them? This leads a long talk about the measurement of memory. Dimensions of Memory Turning from all the involvement of the learning domains and it is measurement.Turning all the groups into a learning department is a process of memory is just as difficult. † The supposition that exists a unitary memory has been abandoned decades ago in favor of the concept of the fractionation of memory (Alan D. Baddeley, 2007, p. 151-154). †Different kinds of memory involve different systems within the brain (Neuroscientists Ranganath and Robert S. Blumenfeld, August 2007, p. 208-291). Three of the systems are short term, long term, and working memory. We as an adult going have them sometime in our lifecycle. ConclusionsIn conclusion, the points have been discussed. There is a person responsible for all organizational training programs. They must make sure the groups they are training become most successfully in conduct training. There are so many differences among employees that can impact the effectiveness’ of training, and plus they should be taken into account to make training be as effective as possible. Reflection We are fixing to get into my point of view in adult learning theory. First I want to tell you what I have learned during while I am an adult.M y kids come in from school asking me questions that I didn’t even get to learn while I was in school. I think that’s why we as adult go back to school to get updated on the new things in education. Another thing I have learned when I got married to my wife now is I didn’t know how big of a challenge it is having an autistic child . I got on the computer research something’s on it. Then, my wife sat me down to explain how to do everything with him. The 2nd point of view I want to tell you about from my point of view is collaboration of affected group request responsibilities and requirements for each of their groups.You learn as an adult to make sure you clean and keep things clean where you won’t spread any germs. Kids don’t understand what germs are because they spread them easier than adults. That’s why you want to teach them to clean everything where they won’t spread germs to one thing to another. For example, you want teach your child to do good hand washing. That will reduce the spread of germs. You may get request to go do some type of cleaning while you are at work. This request helps us not to spread germs to everyone.For example, if you are working in a fast food place and you go to use the bathroom you have to wash your hands. This helps use not spreading germs to everyone even to the customers. While you are at home you always make sure things stays clean where you won’t spread or have germs. This helps with your kids not getting sick so much. The 3rd point of view I want to tell you about from my point of view is training needs analyzed and prioritized by risk analysis. By being in school, we all will have to have short term and long term memory. We have to use this to learn different things in life.You will use short term memory for a short period of time it can be for rest of your life. Sometimes, I go back ask myself if I really did do something I post to do for that day. What is that called? That means you has a short term memory lost for a short period of time during the day that you didn’t remember if you did it or not. When you get older you can have long term memory lost or even if you had head trauma you can also have it. The working memory has control over your behaviors that you do on a daily day. How do you control that? Nobody can con trol it but you.You have to control your own behaviors because nobody else can control them for you. There are some many principles in adult learning theory that you need to know. Adults have their ways learning differently and children have their ways of learning. We all have to learn the principles in life to be able to learn throughout life as we go. We as adults have our own ways of learning things. You have to find the way you like to learn. You have to ask yourself if you like learning by pictures, diagrams, voices, or even sound References (1. ) Eduard C.Lindeman, The Meaning of Adult Education, NY: New Republic, 1976, p. 39-40. (2. ) Malcolm S. Knowles, The Making of an Adult Educator, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989, p. 8. (3. ) Malcolm S. Knowles, The Making of an Adult Educator, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989, p. 79. (4. ) Malcolm S. Knowles, The Modern Practice of Adult Education: Andragogy versus Pedagogy, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1970. (5. ) Malcolm S. K nowles et al. , Andragogy in action. Applying Modern Principles of Adult Education, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1984, P. 12. (6. ) James C.Fisher and Ronald L. Podeschi,†From Lindeman to Knowles: A Change in Vision, â€Å"International Journal of Lifelong Education, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct-Dec. 1989, p. 345-353. (7. ) Malcolm Knowles, Training and Development Journal, Vol. 33, No. 12, Dec. 1979, p. 40-42. (8. ) D. Randy Garrison,†Self-Directed Learning: Toward a Comprehensive Model,† Adult Education Quartly, Vol. 48, No. 1, Fall 1997, p. 18-33. (9. ) Christopher Hertzog and John R. Nesselroade,†Assessing Psychological Change in Adulthood: An Overview of Methodological Issues, â€Å"Psychology and Aging, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2003, p. 639-657. (10. ) David R. Krathwohl and Lorin W. Anderson, â€Å"Bloom’s Taxonomy, â€Å"Psychology of Classroom Learning, Eric Anderman (ed. ), NY: Macmillian, 2009, Vol. 1, p107-110. (11. ) Benjamin S. Bloom (ed), Taxonomy of Edu cational Objectives. Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain, NY: David McKay, 1956, p. 62-200. (12. ) Hugh Munby, Nancy L. Hutchinson, and Peter Chin,† Workplace Learning: Metacognitive strategies for Learning in the Knowledge Economy, â€Å"International Handbook of Education for the Changing World of Work, 2009, p. 1765. (13. Lorin W. Anderson and David R. Krathwohl (eds), A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing, NY: Longman, 2001. (14. ) Neuroscientist Ranganath and Robert S. Blumenfeld,†Prefrontal Cortex and Long-Term Memory Encoding; An Integrative Review of Findings from Neuropsychology and Neuroimaging,† Neuroscientist,Vol. 13 ,No. 3, 2007, p. 280-291 (15. ) Alan D. Baddeley,†Working Memory: Multiple Models, Multiple Mechanisms, â€Å"Science of Memory, Henry L . Roediger III, Yadin Dudai, and Susan M. Fitzpatrick (eds. ), NY: Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 151-154. | |

The Impact of Sociological Theories in Education

The Impact of Sociological Theories in Education Crystal Taylor-Johnson SOC101: Introduction to Sociology Professor Christine Henderson November 22, 2010 Education is the most important part of a person’s life. Without a good education people would struggle in everyday life just to be able to get by. There are three theories that help understand education. Even though most people feel theories are just someone’s opinions, education has many different theories that support it because these theories help people understand education better and these theories are all different but yet they help identify what education really is.The three theories that are important for people to know are Functionalism, Conflict, and Interactionism. These three theories play an important role in helping to understand education and why education is important. These theories are not just one man’s opinion; they give a prime meaning of what education is really about. Martin Luther King J r. once said â€Å"the function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically†¦. intelligence plus character-that is the goal of true education. Without sociological theories to help understand what education is all about and why education is important, we would not get the true identity of education. Education does not just help you with a better career, it also helps you with your social skills, your ability to understand things better, and most importantly it helps you to be able to identify yourself. Functionalism â€Å"Functionalist perspective is a sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. (Richard Schaefer, 2009) Functionalists will focus on ways that universal education can serve the needs of society. The first thing that functionalist do is see education in its manifest role. They believe that education conveys knowledge and skills to the next generation. Emile D urkheim was the founder of functionalist theory. He identified the latent role of education, which was identified as one of socializing people into society’s mainstream. He called it â€Å"a moral education†, and it helped form a more-cohesive social structure.It did this by bringing people together from diverse backgrounds. The other latent roles of education that functionalist point to are transmission of core values and social structure. Core values reflect the characteristics that support political and economic systems that had originally fueled education in American education. This means that children in America will receive rewards for following schedules, directions, meeting deadlines, and obeying their authority figures. A benefit that functionalists see in education is something they call sorting.This means they separate students on the basis of merit. They feel that society’s needs demands that the most capable people get channeled into the most import ant occupations. Schools are capable of identifying the most capable students early. They do so by seeing who scores highest on classroom and standardized tests. The students who score high on these tests are put into accelerated programs and college preparation courses. Many sociologists like Kingsley Davis, Wilbert Moore, and Talcott Parsons referred to this as social placement. They felt this was a beneficial function in society.Functionalists believe that education plays an ironic dual role in both preserving and changing culture. There have been studies that have shown that as student’s progress through college and beyond, they are usually able to become increasingly liberal as they encounter a variety of perspectives. People who are more educated are generally more liberal, but people who are less educated are conservatism. â€Å"Heavy emphasis on research at most institutions of higher education put them on the cutting edge of changes in knowledge, and, in many cases, changes in values as well.Therefore, while the primary role of education is to preserve and pass on knowledge and skills, education is also in the business of transforming them. † (CliffNotes. com, 2010). Conflict â€Å"Conflict perspective is a sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources, including housing, money, access to services, and political representation. † (Schaefer, 2010). These theorists see the purpose of education as maintaining social inequality and preserving the power of those who dominate society.Conflict theorists and functionalists examine the same functions of education. â€Å"Functionalists see education as a beneficial contribution to an ordered society; however, conflict theorists see the educational system as perpetuating the status quo by dulling the lower classes into being obedient workers. † (CliffNotes. com, 2010). Both of the se theories agree that the educational system practices sorting, but they disagree on how the educational system enacts that sorting. Functionalists believe that the schools sort based on merits; whereas conflict theorists believe that schools sort based on distinct class and ethnic lines.Conflict theorists believe that schools train those who are in the working class to accept their position as a lower-class member of society. This role of education is called â€Å"hidden curriculum†. Conflict theorists have several key factors that defend their position. They feel because property taxes fund most schools, schools in affluent districts have more money. The students who live in these kinds of areas are more likely to get into the best colleges and have a better chance of being tracked into higher-paying professions.Students who are in less affluent neighborhoods do not have these kinds of advantages. They are less likely to go to college and more likely to go to a vocational school or technical training. â€Å"Employers routinely use education as a selection tool. Jobs with a high social status such as executives, Wall Street Lawyers, and politicians at the national level are almost exclusively recruited from elite universities. While employers looking for middle management and other white-collar workers, require certain levels of education that indicate sufficient motivation and social experience. (Jason Todd, n. d. ) Interactionism â€Å"Interactionist perspective is a sociological approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole. † (Schaefer, 2010) Interactionists are primarily concerned with relations and transactions in the school house. Interactionists are more concerned with the daily grind of the students and the transactions that occur between the students and the teachers or any other person that is involved with the student.Because they are concerned with this they disregard t he basic physical factors, which are whether the schools are urban or rural, a large educational complex or a small one, or if the schools have a highly bureaucratic system or not. For example, interactionists would be more concerned with the roles that other people play in the students’ education. They are concerned with the efficiency of a student’s education and the quality of a child’s academic experience. Interactionists believe that it is important for students and teachers or any other person who is involved in that student’s life.Every student needs to know that their voice is being heard. It is very important for a teacher to understand every one of their students, because every student is different. I think that is what interactionists are trying to get at with their theory. Before a student can really learn, they need to be able to listen. And before they will listen they have to know whether they can trust that person or not. In the beginning a teacher’s primary goal should be to gain the trust of their student’s. When a teacher is able to gain the trust of their student’s, then the student’s will listen.The theories that have been discussed here are very different from one another, but they are not far from the truth. Unfortunately we see these things every day. Functionalists and Conflict theorists believe that if you live in a high profile neighborhood then you will go to a high profile school, and when you go to a high profile school you will get noticed by the best colleges and you will have a very wealthy successful career. If you live in a lower-class neighborhood you will have a more difficult time getting into a great college and living the life that upper-class people live. Although we do not like this, it is true.There are many people that face this unfairness every day. Interactionists believe a more delicate theory. They believe that a good social communication between students an d peers, teachers, family members, or any other person that comes in contact with the student on a daily basis is the most important part of a student’s ability to learn and succeed. Even though most people feel theories are just someone’s opinions, education has many different theories that support it because these theories help people understand education better and these theories are all different but yet they help identify what education really is.Education is what you make of it. I leave you with a quote by Booker T. Washington that felt as though it does not matter where you came from in order to be successful, but how hard you worked is the key: â€Å"Success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed. †ReferencesCliff Notes. com. (2010). Theories of Education. Retrieved November 22, 2010 from http://www. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/topicArticleId-26957,arti cleId-26914. html King Jr. , M. L. (n. d. ).Education Quotes to Impart knowledge, Wisdom, and Deepen Understanding In All Arenas of Life Arenas of Life. Retrieved November 22, 2010 from http://famousquoteshomepage. com Shaefer, R. T. (2009).Sociology: A Brief Introduction 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York. Page 422, 420 and 423 Todd, J. (n. d. ). Functional and Conflict Theory: Point of View. Retrieved November 22, 2010 from http://www. helium. com/items/779460-functional-and-conflict-theory-a-point-of-view Washington, B. T. (n. d. ).Inspirational Educational Quotes for Students. Retrieved November 22, 2010 from http://www. successcds. net/student_quotes. htm

15 Words That Will Make You Sound Smarter

15 Words That Will Make You Sound Smarter Do you remember how exciting it was when you learned to say supercalifragilisticexpialidocious? Didn’t you feel smart? Just because youre older, doesnt mean acronyms and emojis should be your main form of communication. After all, if you want to be successful in life, you have to make an unforgettable first impression. Why Word Choice Is Important Having a strong vocabulary allows you to communicate in a thoughtful and intelligent way. Whether youre trying to land a job, impress your 3rd-period teacher, or nail a scholarship interview, your ability to choose your words carefully will help you stand out. But here’s something to consider: overusing complex language can turn people off, so it’s best to test out a few new words at a time and see what kind of reaction you get. Chances are, you’ve seen (or maybe even used) a few of these words. And while there are hundreds of words that can make you sound smarter, some are definitely more fun (and easier) than others to use. So, the next time youre toe-to-toe with your AP English teacher, ditch the toady act and impress her with a few of these scintillating words instead. Words to Add to Your Vocabulary Accolade: a mark of acknowledgement; an honor.Even though he received numerous accolades at the senior awards night, Ben is still one of the most humble people I know.Acquiesce: to go along with something without protest, even if you dont really want to.My grandma loves the ballet and bought tickets for us to go. I really wanted to watch the basketball game, but her sweet smile eventually caused me to acquiesce.Bamboozle: conceal one’s true motives; to cheat or deceive another person.I got bamboozled by my buddy to buy him a pair of new shoes even though his mom picked up a pair yesterday.Camaraderie: trust existing between friends who spend time together; a spirit of familiarity.There was a sense of camaraderie among the soccer team after they spent two weeks together at a wilderness camp.Conundrum: a difficult problem.Looks like you have  a bit of conundrum, but thats what happens when you cheat on a test and the teacher finds out.Idyllic: peaceful, happy, pleasing.The out door classroom at our school is in an idyllic location because you can see the mountain range and several acres of forest from every open window. Impeccable: faultless or without defect; incapable of wrongdoing.Have you ever had that one teacher who won’t accept any work unless it’s impeccable? There’s no way my essays are ever going to be that perfect.Perfunctory: something done without much care or attention.You did a perfunctory job including descriptive words in this essay. Next time, I expect you to show more interest in what you are writing.Ruminate: to think about something thoroughly and in great detail.People who struggle with anxiety tend to ruminate and fixate on their thoughts. Tempestuous: identified by explosive conditions.My older brother’s tempestuous relationship with our mom has led to very little communication between the two of them.Tenuous: very weak or slight and likely to change.We’re not sure if our boating store is going to survive this harsh winter season. Your employment will remain a bit tenuous until we know the total number of sales from this month.Vacillate: to go back and forth between two points, waver between different opinions, or to be indecisive.When I ask my sister where she’s going to college, she vacillates between her two favorite schools; but I know she will eventually make the best decision for her. Vitriolic: harsh or corrosive in tone.The student body election turned into an argument reaching vitriolic levels. The two candidates ended their speeches by shouting harmful words at each other.Wheelhouse: a metaphor for an individuals area of comfort or expertise.I need you to cover this story about the construction at our school, even though it’s not in your wheelhouse. Zealous: displaying or feeling energetic support for a person, cause, etc.My neighbor has been a zealous supporter of animal rights for as long as I’ve known her. Source Merriam-Webster Dictionary