The Movie Freedom Writers Erin Gruwell Essay - 850 Words

Summary The movie Freedom Writers is about Erin Gruwell who is starting her first year as an English teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School. This school is racially divided with many gangs and violence erupting at any time. Ms. Gruwell was the students main subject of hate too. After having a discussion with her students about what they were feeling about their lives and situations, she took the responsibility of educating the students no matter what the cost was. She would eventually get through to the teens by passing out journals for them to write their personal life stories in. As the year went on, the students started to trust Ms.Gruwell. The next academic year, she had the students getting along with one another and reading The Diary of Ann Frank. She faced many critics within the school, but she ultimately succeeded. Teacher Ms. Gruwell was more dedicated and determined than the other teachers at Woodrow Wilson High School. Even though she was warned by other faculty and staff members, she went in with an unbiased opinion of the students in her class. She led the classroom by not showing her frustrations when something went wrong or if a fight broke out. Instead of complaining about the lack of resources that the school provided her with, she found ways to get it herself by working more jobs. In order for her to lead the classroom, she tried to find common ground between her and the students. She tried to make them feel comfortable with her as their teacher. HerShow MoreRelatedFreedom Writers Critique1679 Words   |  7 PagesThe Freedom Writers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freedom Writers was released in 2007 on January 7. It was based on the book the Freedom Writers Diary by Erin Gruwell, who wrote the story based on a school name Woodrow Wilson Classical High School in Eastside Long Beach, California. This film tells a story about Erin Gruwell, who is a young teacher who just started her job as a freshman and sophomore English teacher at Woodrow Wilson High School. She is soon challenged by a group of Black, Latino and Asian gang membersRead MoreFreedom Writers : Film Review1085 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom Writers Film Review But even an ordinary secretary Or a housewife or a teenager Can, within their own small ways, Turn on a small light in a dark room. - Miep Gies Just like how Erin Gruwell (Hilary Swank) turned the lights on, in the dark room of 203. Freedom Writers is a film inspired by students of Woodrow Wilson High School as they experience the aftermath of LA riots. Los Angeles resembles a war zone back in the 1992. During this time in America, it all comes down to what a person lookRead MoreThe Freedom Writers1584 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Freedom Writers is a drama based on the book â€Å"The freedom writers’ diary† by Erin Gruwell and her students at the Woodrow Wilson Classical High School in California. The book is an agglomeration of the writings of these students, inspired by their teacher, to write about the experiences they had to undergo due to the racial tensions and violence existing in the society. The movie is an enrapturing representation of the way in which a teacher revolutionizes the process of classroom teachingRead MoreFreedom Writers By Jung Ah Choi1010 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual demonstrates their learning process. â€Å"Reading Educational Philosophies in Freedom Writers† by Jung-Ah Choi, breaks down the different methods of teaching through the film Freedom Writers. Freedom Writers is a film based on a true story about a young teacher, Erin Gruwell, who faces racial barriers at an integrated high school in Long Beach California. The article displays the teaching methods used by Gruwell in order to help her students face their academic struggles that are obstructed byRead MoreMovies Such As The â€Å"Freedom Writers (Lagravenese, 2007)†1661 Words   |  7 PagesMovies such as the â€Å"Freedom Writers (LaGravenese, 2007)† and â€Å"Precious Knowledge (Palos, 2011)† both support the central theme of discrimination and race within a school system. The students in both movies come from backgrounds experiencing poverty, gangs, and violence experiencing discrimination and the lack of support for their education, but overcome the stereotypes and battles to gain access to receiving their education at their fullest potential. Each movie involves students that were guidedRead MoreFreedom Writers Analysis Paper786 Words   |  4 Pa gesFreedom Writers Analysis Over the years, I had heard many positive things said about this movie, but yet I had never taken the time to rent the movie and watch it myself. That is why I am so glad that this movie was our assignment. Freedom writers far exceeded my expectations. It truly was touching to see an adaptation of real live stories come to play. Watching a young woman, a teacher, who was completely out of her element and her comfort zone, grow to actually take an interest in these kids thatRead MoreRacial Conflicts1152 Words   |  5 Pagesthe equality of every human causes racism. Humans need laws to follow and the lack of these laws cause conflict between humans. Erin Gruwell was optimistic about teaching a class of so many different backgrounds but it was much more challenging to get through to such angry teenagers. Racial conflicts in America include gang violence, and even murder. The Freedom Writers movie gives a clear description of the life that every teenager has to go through while there a re racial conflicts. In that environmentRead MoreThe Freedom Writers, Newly Licensed High School1679 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie â€Å"The Freedom Writers, newly licensed high school teacher Erin Gruwell is teaching a large group of students who are different in race and ethnicity and are participants and/or indirectly affected by gang violence in L.A. The name Freedom Writers is a name given to her students by which they were inspired by the Freedom Riders activists in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. The film is based on the true story of Woodrow Wilson High School in L.A. that has given up on students suchRead MoreFilm Analysis on Freedom Writers2290 Words   |  10 PagesFilm Analysis Essay on Freedom Writers Main Credits Title: Freedom Writers Director: Richard LaGravenese Scriptwriter: Richard LaGravenese Adapted from: The Freedom Writers Diary by Erin Gruwell Actors/Main characters: Hilary Swank-Erin Gruwell, Patrick Dempsey-Scott Casey, Scott Glenn-Steve Gruwell, Imelda Staunton-Margaret Campbell, April L. Hernandez-Eva Benitez, Jaclyn Ngan-Sindy, Jason Finn-Marcus, John Benjamin Hickey- Brian Gelsord, Plot Summary The movie â€Å"Freedom Writers† is based on a trueRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Freedom Writers1507 Words   |  7 PagesFreedom Writers is a movie based on the book The Freedom Writers Diary by teacher Erin Gruwell. The movie was directed by Richard LaGravenese and it was released in 2007. This movie discusses significant themes such as stereotyping and racial discrimination but most important the power of tolerance and understanding. The purpose of this movie is to promote the message that knowledge is power and in a world filled with disparities where hundreds of ethnic groups convey and interact humans are obliged

Borrowing Money And Taking Out Loans Essay - 1537 Words

Introduction Many decisions involve borrowing money and taking out loans. The need to take out loans can be crucial and necessary at different times. One example is the choice of taking out loans to cover for different things, such as college tuition, cars, homes and/or major appliances. People’s interest about credit or borrowing money can vary. People also prefer immediate gains over immediate losses. They also prefer delayed losses over delayed gains. Discounting rates in regards to the loan amount, time loan is received and interest amount can vary based on their delayed time. The attractiveness of the loan amount, the time the loan is received, and the interest amount and time can be evaluated differently . For example you are given a choice between a loan of $5,000 in 2 years and you must pay $200 and it is due in 6 months vs you receive a loan of $5000 in a week and you must pay $200 and its due in 6 months, you opinion on these to choices can be different in terms of how attra ctive they are to you. Taking loans can be a tough decision. Temporal discounting refers to the impact of time on the results in the future. In terms of temporal discounting experimental findings have indicated that loans that are received in a longer time are less valued vs loans that are received in a shorter time. Also, interest payments that must me paid in a longer time frame are easier to tolerate vs interest payments that need to be made sooner. Positive rating stimulus is used toShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Borrowing Money While At The Same Time Should You Borrow993 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to borrowing for higher education whether the funds come from family or student loans its always an issue of is there enough money for expenses while attending college. There are benefits of borrowing money while at the same time should you borrow. Students use loans for various reasons, but for some loans are just a financial burden. This article is researched on twelve students from a community college. All the students had taken out loans for school purposes as well as personalRead MoreCase Study : Wanda s Financial Advice884 Words   |  4 PagesWanda’s Financial Advice With Wanda financing her business out of her own pocket, she has no idea how to take out a loan to fund her expansion. With the right advice, Wanda’s business could really benefit from an expansion. 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The recent worry has been that taking out student loans are â€Å"threatening the financial future of today’s college students† (Wilson 256). However, recent studies has shown that one-third of college students will have no debt after their academic experience. College studentRead MoreEssay On Regulating American Banks1033 Words   |  5 Pagesassumed office, he vowed to restructure the elephantine law which had recast financial regulation following the 2007-08 crisis. Thus, he asked Steven Mnuchin, the Treasury secretary to measure all the rules of America against 7 broad principles, bail-outs prevention by taxpayers as well as instituting more efficient regulations inclusive. Mnuchin provided a report on banks where he proposed installments to cover capital markets, asset, and insurance management together with financial te chnology andRead MoreThe Real Estate Market Crash1525 Words   |  7 Pagesreal estate market crash in 2007-2009 more than 8.5million people lost their homes as a result of foreclosure. Some of these home foreclosures were the result of the typical reasons that people often lose their homes such as illness, divorce, poor money management, death of a spouse, or legal issues. However, during the real estate crash of the last decade most foreclosures were the result of some circumstances that were unique to that time. The national unemployment rate soared during this timeRead MoreStudent Loan Loans Should Not Be Forgiven938 Words   |  4 Pages Should student loan borrowers be forgiven for their debt? The cumulative total of student loan borrowing has already reached $1 trillion dollars already make up more than half of what Barack Obama is pushing to cap the amount any borrower must pay back and forgive outstanding debt after 20 years, even so calling to forgive some or all of the debt that is escalating. Robert Applebaum, the Author behind the Student Loan Forgiveness Act, believes that student loan should be forgiven to highlight anRead MoreNot A Student Loan For College Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesstudent loans and repayment issues. In electing to secure a student loan for college, prospective students or parents should realistically, forecast or measure probable (anticipated) student debt. In particularly, with students aspiring to attend college, several organizations or subsidiaries, and for-profit institutions cash in on unknowledgeable hopefuls contributing to the student loan debt dilemma/crisis (or student d ebt). 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Egyptian Pyramids Essay Example For Students

Egyptian Pyramids Essay The Egyptian pyramids have been the subjects of many outlandish claims and construction theories for centuries. The Great Pyramid for example has been associated with pyramid power, curses, Atlantis, the Bermuda Triangle, Biblical prophecy, Martian faces, advanced civilizations, space aliens, cavity resonators, and even levitation. It is not surprising that some that have proposed such theories have been dubbed pyramidiots. This paper will attempt to give a more logical solution to the methods ancient Egyptians may have had used, and the problems they may have had, using factual information, scientific evidence and a bit of common sense. It is time for a rational explanation of how the pyramids were constructedan explanation that relies on nothing extraordinary, technologically advanced, paranormal, supernatural, mystical, psychic, or extraterrestrial powers. The Egyptian pyramids aesthetic beauty, its geometrical shape, its complex system of internal features, and the precision of i ts construction beckon us to search for a design scheme. It seems unlikely that the builders would have undertaken such a monumental construction project without a comprehensive plan. Unfortunately, no records, plans, blueprints, or direct accounts of the pyramids construction have survived. There is no inscriptions or texts, and the names of the architects remain unknown. There is no way of knowing exactly how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids, in a time of only primitive tools, and at best only simple machinery. There are many theories of how the Egyptians gained their knowledge of math and science to build these amazing structures. The blocks used to build the pyramids are composed of granite and or limestone; each single block has an estimated weight of approximately two and a half tons. Each block would to have been quarried or cut, and then hauled to the work site, and eventually placed in the correct position. The Egyptians had an amazing understanding of math, which helped them plan the erection of the pyramid, but the only driving force behind them was manpower. The actual people who built the pyramids were all voluntary workers; they were not slaves contrary to popular belief. New archaeological evidence shows that those who dragged and laid these two and a half ton granite slabs were condemned to an early grave, and they died with deformed bones and broken limbs. An Egyptian excavation recently uncovered the burial ground of hundreds of workers who helped to build the great pyramid for King Cheops 4500 years ago. Originally over one hundred and forty six meters high, it is the tallest of the three famous pyramids at Giza near the Nile delta. The workers burial ground is one kilometer west of the pyramid, close to their living quarters. Zahi Hawass, the Egyptian archaeologist leading the excavation says that most of the workers skeletons have abnormal outgrowths known as osteophytes, which are caused by chronic heavy labor. The joints of numerous bones show wear and tear and many bodies have damaged spines. Six skeletons have severed limbs or splintered feet. Workers died on average between the ages of thirty and thirty-five, compared to between fifty and sixty for members of nobility. ?They literally worked themselves to death,? says Hawass. This evidence shows they did in fact use human power in the construction of pyramids but it does not explain how a group of men were able to lift a two and a half ton piece of rock. It also does not explain how these rocks were carried from the quarry, or how it was lifted up the pyramid, as it became taller. If one was to build a pyramid today assuming the slabs were already cut and ready to put together the fastest and easiest way to move them would be a crane. In order to get an exact placement of the slab it would take the crane nearly one day to position itself and drop the block in place. The pyramid Khufu has about two million three hundred thousand stone blocks; its dimensions are four hundred eighty one feet in height, seven hundred fifty six feet in length and its base covering a little over thirteen acres. The pyramid is a geometrical wonder it is absolutely level and perfectly square, the mathematical skills of the people are not at all contested, but there are many theories on how they were able to carry out this magnificent feat without a crane. It is not known how the Egyptians got the stones from the quarry to the work site. They must have been dragged, for there was not enough surface area for even a team of reasonably strong men to pick up the two and a half-ton slab. Th e most likely method of getting the blocks to the top of the structure was through massive construction ramps. Exactly how the ramps were laid out is unknown, but they may have been straight or in a spiral pattern around the pyramid. The ramps may have been topped with a surface of clay called tafla. Tafla, when wet, becomes very slippery and may have allowed the Egyptian builders to use shorter, steeper ramps than might have otherwise been possible. By wetting the ground in front of the block a slick path would be created allowing the stone to be dragged by rope as it sat on sledges. .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 , .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 .postImageUrl , .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 , .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50:hover , .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50:visited , .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50:active { border:0!important; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50:active , .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50 .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue2867e55063c8adc64c9e9e5ec3ffb50:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kuwait Red Crescent Society and Zero Sum budgeting EssayA man by the name of Joseph Davidvovits began to contest this classical theory of pyramid construction in 1979. His ideas and research may force even Egyptologists to revise their thinking about how the pyramids were built. Davidovits suggests that the Egyptians actually used man-made stone that was cast at the pyramid site, where it was needed. The process, he says involved pouring slurry of crushed limestone and special mineral binder into wooden molds. Within a few hours the mixture would harden into material almost indistinguishable from rock. Such a construction method would have taken less time, and required far fewer workers. In 1984 Davidovits presented his conclusions from a analysis of rock samples from three of the pyramids and two limestone quarries at Turah and Mokhatam, traditionally associated with pyramid building. He found that the pyramids samples contained traces of minerals that were not found in the quarry. Instead, they contained as much as 13 percent of what Davidovits calls a ?geopolymeric? binder. In addition, microscope examination of the samples showed that the quarried limestone consisted almost entirely of lightly packed calcite crystals that gave it a uniform density. In contrast, the casting stone was less dense and contained numerous air bubbles. Consequently if the casting stones were natural limestone, and did not match that of the quarries than where did the Egyptians get there stone? There are other clues that suggest that the Egyptians poured the pyramids. The ingredients deeded for the mineral binder- sodium carbonate, various phosphates, quartz, and Nile si lt, were all readily available to the Egyptians. In addition the casting stones had a millimeter thick surface coating that appears to consist entirely of this binder. Davidovits suggests that during setting some of the binder came to the surface to form a ?skin?, it was the presence of this obviously man made coating that originally prompted him to look for traces of this material within the rock itself. This idea of manufactured stone helps to explain how the sides of the casting stone were so smooth and straight, maybe to straight for a man to quarry, cut, and shape the stone. This could also explain how the Egyptians were able to get the blocks to fit so well together that a postcard cannot even be inserted in between them. The sides of the previously molded blocks could be used as the walls for making the stone in between them. With this system, and a primitive form of concrete, the Egyptians may have completed pyramid construction within a relatively fast and effortless period of time. A virtual assembly line could have been created with workers each carrying small amount of water, silt and rock to the work area with another team preparing molds and binders. This theory presented by Davidovits was developed nearly twenty years ago; it still remains only a theory. Egyptologists are torn between the two conflicting ideas of how the pyramids were constructed. Either way the building of these marvel tombs is an amazing feat to be done over four thousand years ago. In a time not known for its sophisticated tools or machinery the ancient Egyptians were able to harness their knowledge to complete the undertaking of this enormous task. Despite this research and archeological findings many people still believe the Great pyramids were built for some kind of a higher purpose, many claims say they are built in the exact geometric center of the earth; and they also directly correlate to the constellations. These people believe the pyramids contain an astronomical pow er, some think they are some kind of stars gate. These people believe the Egyptians possessed a lost technology that may have sunk with city of Atlantis; some believe aliens were the inspiration, and force behind theses erections, others think the pyramids were the divine influence of god himself in his preparation for the second coming of Christ. It would probably be absurd to think the Egyptians built the pyramids with only an understanding of mathematical concept, hard work, and a lot of time. ). .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 , .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 .postImageUrl , .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 , .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970:hover , .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970:visited , .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970:active { border:0!important; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970:active , .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970 .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue986ad4120494901b5f4bea70b7b0970:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Ryder Cup Essay

The Point

The Point-Counterpoint of Jan Steen Essay During the 17th century, Dutch genre painting flourished, appealing to middle class patrons by depicting everyday life with charm and often a moral. Jan Steen was among the most successful genre painters, weaving witty commentary into his pictures of merriment. Rhetoricians at a Window, c. 1661-1666 (oil on canvas, 29 7/8 x 23 1/16 inches) serves as an exemplar, depicting a naturalistic scene combined with layers of meaning. Even the title may be read on many levels. Just as a rhetorician may refer to an eloquent speaker, so, too, may it allude to a pompous or bombastic person. Rhetorician also conjures up the notion of rhetoric, or the act of making a persuasive argument based on a point and counterpoint structure. This painting cleverly provides several layers of point-counterpoint arguments revealed through visual analysis, careful reading of physiognomy of the figures, and assessing the composition as a whole, including how it engages the viewer. Visually, Steen presents a naturalistic scene set in a tavern or inn, believable in its details. Four prominent figures are easily readable, not cartoonish or types, but portrayed with individualistic features. We will write a custom essay on The Point-Counterpoint of Jan Steen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Two more shadowy figures emerge from the background. The four figures up front are framed in a window that fills the upper 2/3 of the painting, pushed forward in shallow space to the picture plane. The location is identifiable as a public place where drink is served by the prominent, diamond-shaped sign, nailed to the window frame just off center, hanging in the lower third of the painting. The sign features crossed swords, common symbols for power, protection, justice, courage, and strength. Here, the crossed swords also serve as an apt emblem for the crossed arguments of the point and counterpoint of rhetoric. Across the top of the painting is a swag of grapevine, with a bunch of grapes just right of center and another bunch on the far left, as the vine tumbles down the left window frame. The lively swoop of the grapevine softens the strong geometry of the rest of the composition. The window dominates the frame and is comprised of a central cross inside its rectangular shape, suggesting the possibility of a moral at the center of this story. The cross also implies a crossroad, choices to be made when a point and counterpoint intersect. Both the top of the window’s rectangle and the bottom of the sign’s diamond are cropped out of the picture, creating an immediacy and aliveness of a zoomed-in vantage point. The diamond of the sign is mirrored in diamond-shaped leaded glass in the top two quadrants of the cross. Close examination reveals that two of the panes are broken, perhaps by revelers inside. The brick structure of the building adds more geometry with stabilizing verticals and dominant horizontals, which buttress the horizontal window ledge. The colors are earthy and muted, reflecting the earthy scene. The red velvety cap of a figure just right of center immediately attracts attention, but the rest of the palette is marked by shades of brown, golden yellow, and soft green. The bricks appear textural, accomplished through illusionistic shadow in the mortar to suggest depth, and laying down smooth layers of multiple color, with oranges and greens highlighting the tans and browns, as if the architecture were alive and organic, changing colors over time. The sign’s diamond frame is matted in deep brown, mustard yellow and rust, indicating a place of lusty, earthy pursuits. The day is warm enough for the shutters to be open, revealing the scene, yet the hint of color on the grapevine and a bare branch to the right suggest the transformations of autumn. As the leaves turn colors and fall, Steen hints at the passage of seasons, time, and life. Steen’s attention to detail is not overworked and suits the scene. Paint is laid smoothly, and up close, individual strokes are apparent. But only the faces of the figures are detailed. .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 , .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 .postImageUrl , .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 , .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7:hover , .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7:visited , .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7:active { border:0!important; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7:active , .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7 .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e265f73193b452347380a8d67f19ae7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mask Sorry by Natalia Nesterova EssayWhile the hands of the up front figures hint at tendons and veins without being meticulous, the hands of the figures behind are crudely drawn, suggesting their crude activities. Long brushstrokes create the simple clothing of the figures. Their plainness suggests the men are middle or laborer class. Just as Steen carefully chooses what to depict with detail, so, too, does he use frames within frames as a deliberate device. In addition to filling the picture frame with a close up of the scene, Steen also creates another frame with the window, where the figures congregate. Each quadrant of the window creates frames, with the two lower quadrants filled by the men. Three figures break the window frame illusionistically. One on the left leans out the window, with his elbow over the ledge, while another on the right rests his head on his hand, elbow perched on the window frame. A standing figure on the right, grasps the central frame, joining the two quadrants with a v-shaped arm. Separating the figures by the construction of the crossed window frame suggests that they represent different points and counterpoints. Each figure has a narrative, with a distinctive face and gestures full of information. The man on the left leaning out the window, with a pince-nez perched on his bulbous nose, forehead highlighted by an unseen, somewhat ambiguous light source, holds a sheet with writing just discernible. It may read â€Å"List,† and with his heart shaped mouth open and smiling, he acts as a rhetorician reading the paper’s list. His merriment suggests he is not the author of the article, or if he is, he satirizes another’s words. In his cotton shirtsleeves and leather vest, with a starched collar (though not the elegant gathered ruff), this man appears the most affluent of those gathered. His mirthful, or perhaps sarcastic, reading of the tract commands attention. The man behind him, mouth open, perhaps also speaking, seems both serious and willing to follow the orator. In the rear is a man, head tipped all the way back, downing a drink with no refinement or subtlety, light just catching the rim of the glass. In the right hand quadrant, the narratives become more subtle. In front, the figure leaning on his hand, grasps an enormous tankard, brightly lit from the left, with his other. His large nose is also highlighted, as if projecting the effect of the former on the latter. The look on his face suggests that even though he is listening to the reading, he is bored, as if he has heard it all before, and feels condescension for the speaker whom he considers a blowhard. The drink in the tankard will see him through. The pipe, an unused source of pleasure tucked in his jaunty hat brim, points with its bowl in a strong diagonal away from the scene, where for him, life may be more amusing. In contrast to his airs, the seam of his jacket sleeve has split. Just behind him is the standing figure whose ruddy complexion also suggests familiarity with drink. His red, velveteen turban, with its wispy feather, appears flamboyant enough to suggest the artist himself and similar to one used in his self-portrait. The headgear may be tipped with metal bells, so that Steen cleverly positions himself as the wise Shakespearean fool. This figure is the only one who acknowledges the viewer, and his red cap makes him hard to ignore. His direct gaze marked by a white daub of paint creating a twinkle, along with his sly grin and upraised finger pointing vaguely toward the viewer, all seem to say, â€Å"see, I told you. This directness brings the viewer into the scene as an invited guest of the artist and into the argument about its meaning. The figure seems to raise the question of who is the fool here? He may dress the part, but he instructs the viewer to consider the folly of the orator who seems so confident in his mirth. The title refers to Rhetoricians, plural, so that not only is the speaker a rhetorician, but so too is the standing figure, who argues a point of view. With the direct gaze of the figure and the head on vantage point of the scene, the viewer is perhaps placed in a window across the alley. .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 , .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 .postImageUrl , .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 , .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1:hover , .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1:visited , .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1:active { border:0!important; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1:active , .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1 .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udfb5cf6a5236a680b5a01d03ac8849e1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparing "Arts of the Contact Zone" EssayThe speaker is reading the tract for the viewer’s edification. The viewer makes a choice-to stay separate or become another rhetorician at a window. Since the viewer stands on the same side with the light source, Steen suggests that the viewer has the knowledge and common sense to make a good choice. The viewer is also given the choice about who to believe-the figures on the left or the figures to the right. Steen argues his own position. The standing figure breaks the boundary between the two quadrants, but stands firmly on the right. The sign and the bunch of grapes in the vine just above are both off center, favoring the right. The heads of the figures on the left form an arrow pointing toward the right, while the figures on the right make an upright â€Å"v† with the inclusion of a ghostly specter of a figure behind. These visual cues invite the viewer to take a position, to follow the lead of the standing, all-knowing fool. The painting then sets up a tension of right and left, wise and foolish, knowing and ignorant, insightful and oblivious. This duality coincides with the rhetoric of persuasive argument, point and counterpoint. The crossed swords of the sign are presented as a challenge of the counterpoint to the point, while also advocating that the viewer be courageous and take a stand. Steen wittily argues that each person makes choices about how to face life’s challenges-to drink oneself into oblivion, to mock life, to follow without thought, to be bored and judgmental, or to laugh at the folly of mankind. On the one hand, the left quadrant argues for merry making with drink and ideas. No idea is so important it cannot be laughed at and questioned. On the other side, the right presents doubters, naysayers, and those who laugh at it all. The vertical that divides the two poles of argument seems unyielding, yet the clever man can reach around and grab the best of both, uniting the laughter. The grapevine seconds the fool’s implication that life is full of the folly of man. The vine’s subtly highlighted leaves transition from the green of summer, color fading before the viewer’s eyes, into the golden tones of autumn. The grapevine’s message is that the party is coming to its seasonal end, just as folly in the moment will also pass as the seasons’ turn. It sweeps across the picture and down, transcending and unifying any artificial boundaries, creating a curtain that reveals the stage set of the scene. The viewer is reminded that the frame, that is the painting, and its visual elements are theatrical and artificial. Steen again seems to reference Shakespeare with â€Å"all the world’s a stage,† and as life passes by, enjoy the moments full of frivolity and foolishness. Steen as rhetorician argues that the party of life will come to an end. In the meantime, the unifying grapevine tops it all, reminding the viewer to make merry, a message that no doubt appealed to middle class art patrons. The viewer can make sense of what is shown, assess the moral implications, and take a stand. Like the fool, the viewer can embrace both sides of life, with all its contradictions. Living a moral life does not preclude having pleasures. Steen points to the viewer and encourages living a good life, but full of joy in the moment. Laugh, and become a rhetorician looking out the window on life.

Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism

Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism Introduction Religion has remained an important aspect in the civilization of mankind. Whereas religious practices and belief systems may vary, the presence of a supreme being who is always worshipped is common. The deities are given special preference in any form of religious worship. This essay compares Hinduism and Buddhism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cultural and Geographical Origin The cultural and geographical origin of Hinduism can be traced back in the fourteenth century. The Afghans, Persians, and Arabs first used the term â€Å"Hindu† to denote the inhabitants of the aforementioned regions. The Indus River gave rise to the name Hindus and hence, people who used to reside close to this river were generally referred to as the Hindu (Fisher, 2014). Before the close of the nineteenth century, Hinduism became a religion. The te rm was used by the British colonial masters to describe all the religious groupings and practices that were dominant in this population. Nonetheless, the precise time when Hinduism began cannot be easily established. It has been described as a timeless religion. In other words, it is as old as humanity. According to historians, the early civilization that took place in the Indus valley contributed significantly towards the origin of Hinduism. Historical records indicate that northern India was the most likely origin of Buddhism. The fifth century B.C.E marked the first time when Buddhism came into limelight. However, the cultural origin of Buddhism is believed to be Gotama. He is the principal Buddha. The latter term refers to an individual who has been spiritually elevated and therefore more enlightened than other Buddhists. Buddhism has also been associated with the desire to alleviate human suffering across the world. Since the time it came into being, Buddhism has undergone seve ral modifications in terms of religious beliefs and practices. Specific Religious Practices The aspect of worship is one of the most vital religious practices in Hinduism. Worship entails seeking the attention of God and Devas. For instance, when they need blessings, Devas is believed to be the provider of good tidings. God’s awareness in Hinduism has been enhanced through worship. For instance, prayer, praise and invocations are collectively known as mantras (Flood, 2003). The meanings portrayed in the mantras can bring the presence of the gods close to them. Mantras also involve chanting and expressing full devotion to gods. A sacred river is used by those devoted to Hinduism to perform morning ablutions.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second most important religious practice in Hinduism is the Bhajan. This entails singing to the deities as way of prai sing them. It is usually a devotional song that may be presented as a simple or complicated devotion. In most instances, Bhajans express love for the spiritual gods and may also be lyrical in terms of composition. The songs contain statements from scriptures and denote the supreme nature of the deities. Finally, Hinduism values rituals as part and parcel of religious practices. Rituals are executed regularly. Some of the religious rituals are done in homes a part form the usual places of worship. However, individuals, villages and regions carry out the various rituals in diverse ways. For example, rituals may be carried out after taking a shower or late in the evenings in order to appease the gods. When rituals are being carried out, the deities’ images are made available as a symbol of their presence (Michaels, 2004). Buddhists believe in the practice of meditation as the only way through which followers can be enlightened both in the physical and spiritual world. Buddhistsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ meditation also brings about spiritual freedom according to their belief systems. All the major practices of Buddhism often involve meditation because it is a central theme or pillar. However, different Buddhist nations have adopted various ways of meditating. Both tranquility (samatha) and insight (vipassana) are used in Buddhism in the process of meditation. The second common type of religious practice is the mantras. It entails hymns and chanting that are directed to the divine powers. The mantras are believed to contain powers that are beyond human understanding. The term has been derived from one of the Indian sub tribes. It basically means safeguarding the mind. Finally, the Mundras are also evoked through the mind by making use of certain images drawn from Buddha. During Buddhist meditation, particular ideas are supposed to be evoked in the mind. Ritual meditations also demand the use of mundras. The Buddha’s identity is symbolized by the mundras. Hinduism and Buddhism Practiced in the World Today The two forms of meditation in Buddhism may be used at the same time or separately. Sitting meditation has been adopted by Buddhist schools in both Japan and China as way of exercising religious freedom in worship. The Tibetan Buddhism is particularly notable in the practice of Mantras.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between Hinduism and Buddhism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This segment of the population that predominantly practices mantras has a strong belief that the presence of the deities can be brought closer when this religious practice is exercised. In other words, the deities are easily invoked through the mantras (Coogan, 2003). In addition, Hinduism has fundamental practices that are unique in each geographical location. In some regions across the world, religious customs in form of rituals can hardly miss during important events such as death, marriag e and birth. For instance, such rituals are common in India. Conclusion As can be seen, there are several similarities and differences between Hinduism and Buddhism. For example, both religions embrace meditation and mantras as ways of worshipping the deities. However, the Mundras exist only among the Buddhists. References Coogan, M.D. (ed.) (2003). The Illustrated Guide to World Religions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fisher, M. P. (2014). Living religions (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Flood, G. (2003), Blackwell companion to Hinduism. New York: Blackwell Publishing. Michaels, A. (2004). Hinduism: Past and Present (5th ed.). New York: Princeton University Press.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Molly Pitcher (Mary Hays McCauly) Revolutionary Heroine

Molly Pitcher (Mary Hays McCauly) Revolutionary Heroine Molly Pitcher was a fictitious name given to a heroine, revered for taking her husbands place loading a cannon in the Battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778, during the American Revolution. The identification of Molly Pitcher, earlier known in popular images as Captain Molly, with Mary McCauly, didnt come until the centennial of the American Revolution.  Molly was, at the time of the Revolution, a common nickname for women named Mary. Much of Mary McCaulys story is told from oral histories or court and other legal documents correlating with some parts of the oral tradition. Scholars disagree on many of the details, including what her first husbands name was (the famous husband who collapsed and whom she replaced at the cannon) or even whether she is the Molly Pitcher of history. The Molly Pitcher of legend may be completely folklore or may be a composite. Molly Pitchers Early Life Mary Ludwigs birthdate is given on her cemetery marker as October 13, 1744.  Other sources suggest her birth year was as late as 1754. She grew up on her familys farm. Her father was a butcher. She is unlikely to have had any education and was likely illiterate.  Marys father died in January of 1769, and she went to Carlisle, Pennsylvania to be a  servant to the family of Anna and Dr. William Irvine.   Molly Pitchers Husband A Mary Ludwig married a John Hays on July 24, 1769. This may have been a first husband for the future Molly Pitcher, or it may have been a marriage of her mother, also named Mary Ludwig as a widow. In 1777, the younger Mary married William Hays, a barber, and an artilleryman. Dr. Irvine, for whom Mary was working, had organized a boycott of British goods in response to the British Tea Act in 1774. William Hayes was listed as one helping with the boycott. On December 1, 1775, William Hays enlisted in the First Pennsylvania Regiment of Artillery, in a unit commanded by Dr. Irvine (also called General Irwin in some sources). A year later, January 1777, he joined the 7th Pennsylvania Regiment and was part of the winter camp at Valley Forge. Molly Pitcher at War After her husbands enlistment, Mary Hays first stayed in Carlisle, then joined her parents where she was closer to her husbands regiment. Mary became a camp follower, one of the many women attached to a military camp to take care of support tasks such as laundry, cooking, sewing, and other tasks. Martha Washington was another of the women at Valley Forge. In 1778, William Hays trained as an artilleryman under Baron von Steuben. The camp followers were taught to serve as water girls. William Hays was with the 7th Pennsylvania Regiment when, as part of George Washingtons army, the Battle of Monmouth was fought with British troops on June 28, 1778. William (John) Hays job was to load the cannon, wielding a ramrod. According to the stories told later, Mary Hays was among the women bringing pitchers of water to the soldiers, to cool the soldiers as well as to cool the cannon and soak the rammer rag. On that hot day, carrying water, the story told is that Mary saw her husband collapse - whether from the heat or from being wounded is not clear, though he certainly was not killed - and stepped in to clean the ramrod and load the cannon herself, continuing until the end of the battle that day. In one variation of the story, she helped her husband fire the cannon. According to the oral tradition, Mary was nearly hit by a musket or cannonball that sped between her legs and ripped her dress. She is said to have responded, Well, that could have been worse. Supposedly George Washington had seen her action on the field, and after the British retreated unexpectedly rather than continuing the fight the next day, Washington made Mary Hays a non-commissioned officer in the army for her deed. Mary apparently began calling herself Sergeant Molly from that day forward. After the War Mary and her husband returned to Carlisle, Pennsylvania. They had a son, John L. Hayes, in 1780. Mary Hays continued to work as a domestic servant. In 1786, Mary Hays was widowed; later that year, she married John McCauley or John McCauly (various spellings of names was common in a society where many were not literate). This marriage was not successful; John, a stonecutter and a friend of William Hays, was apparently mean and did not adequately support his wife and stepson. Either she left him or he died, or he otherwise disappeared, about 1805. Mary Hays McCauly continued to work around town as a domestic servant, with a reputation for being hard-working, eccentric and coarse. She petitioned for a pension based on her Revolutionary War service, and on February 18, 1822, the Pennsylvania legislature authorized a payment of $40 and subsequent annual payments, also of $40 each, in An act for the relief of Molly MKolly. The first draft of the bill had the phrase widow of a soldier and this was revised to for services rendered. Specifics of those services are not noted in the bill. Mary Ludwig Hays McCauly - who called herself Sergeant Molly - died in 1832. Her grave was unmarked. Her obituaries do not mention military honors or her specific war contributions. The Evolution of Captain Molly and Molly Pitcher Popular images of Captain Molly at a cannon circulated in the popular press, but these were not tied to any specific individual for many years. The name evolved into Molly Pitcher. In 1856, when Marys son John L. Hays died, his obituary included the note that he was a son of the ever-to-be-remembered heroine, the celebrated Molly Pitcher whose deeds of daring are recorded in the annals of the Revolution and over whose remains a monument ought to be erected. Connecting Mary Hays McCauly With Molly Pitcher In 1876, the American Revolution centennial sparked interest in her story and local critics in Carlisle had a statue of Mary McCauley created, with Mary described as the Heroine of Monmouth. In 1916 Carlisle established a three-dimensional representation of Molly Pitcher loading a cannon. In 1928, on the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Monmouth, pressure on the Postal Service to create a stamp showing Molly Pitcher was only partially successful. Instead, a stamp was issued that was a regular red two cent stamp depicting George Washington, but with a black overprint of the text Molly Pitcher in capital letters. In 1943, a Liberty ship was named SS Molly Pitcher and launched. It was torpedoed that same year. A 1944 wartime poster by C. W. Miller depicted Molly Pitcher with a ramrod at the battle of Monmouth, with the text Americas women have always fought for freedom. Sources John Todd White. The Truth About Molly Pitcher. in The American Revolution: Whose Revolution? edited by James Kirby Martin and Karen R. Stubaus. 1977.John B. Landis. A Short History of Molly Pitcher, the Heroine of Monmouth. 1905. Published by the Patriotic Sons of America.John B. Landis. Investigation into American Tradition of Woman Known as Molly Pitcher. Journal of American History 5 (1911): 83-94.D. W. Thompson and Merri Lou Schaumann. Goodbye Molly Pitcher. Cumberland County History 6 (1989).Carol Klaver. An Introduction into the Legend of Molly Pitcher. Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military 12 (1994) 52.

Abraham Lincoln. His Life and Achievements Research Paper

Abraham Lincoln. His Life and Achievements - Research Paper Example He was a man of character, integrity and strength. In the present discourse, an attempt is being made to understand Lincoln’s life, achievements, struggles, failures and their impact on America based on existing literature. Lincoln’s childhood: Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12 1809 in Kentucky to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks. His childhood was something that even Lincoln was never excited about because of the poverty and other challenges he had to face (Charnwood, 13). Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States of America. His enduring struggle was to end slavery in America and to economically transform the nation. As a young boy, Abraham Lincoln was involved in helping his father and his neighbors (p. 15). Lincoln owes his mental qualities to his mother as well as his step mother. Lincoln’s step mother was instrumental in the minimal education that he received with parental support. Lincoln has the ability to attract crowd even from his earlier years of adolescence. This is evident from Charnwood’s statement, ‘Lincoln was a person of high consideration among the lads of his age and company’ (p.20). Literature related to Lincoln’s reading habits highlights his immense love for reading and reading habits. During his teenage, he read books like Aesop’s Fables, Robinson Crusoe, The Piligrim’s Progress, A History of the United States, Weem’s Life of Washington and even Revised Statuses of Indiana (Charnwood, 21). Even before he reached the age of 20, Lincoln had a deep understanding of how his nation functioned, the principles policies and its governance (Tarbell, 34). Lincoln left his home at 22 and settled in New Salem, Illinois, which were the foundational years for his future. Based on his own efforts, Lincoln acquired some formal education for next few years; he entered the legal profession at the age of 27 (Wilson, 15-19). His achievements in the field of law studies and the profession are attributed to his own hard work and constant struggle. His struggles in the profession of law as well as politics have been immense and are epitome of an ideal le ader and a winner ever since he was elected as the President. Political affiliation: Abraham Lincoln’s first successful electoral is associated with the Sangamon County as the surveyor in 1834 and followed by the Illinois house of representatives as a representative for the Sangamon County in 1836. Lincoln was elected for the Illinois legislature during subsequent 3 years (Chin, 34). As explained by Mansch, Lincoln’s entry into politics is associated with the Nebraska Bill and did succeed in winning a seat in the Illinois legislature around 1854 (p.41). But, Lincoln resigned this post because he wanted to challenge Stephen Douglas, who was responsible for opposing anti-slavery. At this time, Lincoln struggled to gain political identity. Lincoln was deeply moved by the group fighting against slavery, known as free-soilers or anti-Nebraskans that was formed during 1854. At this time, Lincoln knew that he wanted a stable party that shared his political ideals and could be lieve in creating a prominent party of the future. Two years later, i.e. in 1856, different groups with these ideals supporting anti-slavery gathered in Bloomington, which Lincoln attended. Lincoln appropriately used this opportunity to bring together various groups that were fighting against slavery, poverty, and for democracy. Lincoln’s deep desire to abolish slavery and achieve a liberal democracy had made him say, ‘I have no objection to ‘fuse’ with anybody provided I can fuse on ground which I think is right’ (qtd. in Mansch, p.41). Lincoln’s personal experiences with the blacks were minimal, yet he was aware of the slavery

Effective hand hygiene in jails Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effective hand hygiene in jails - Research Paper Example Prison facilities applying the above intervention are expected to decrease the incidents of skin diseases, and to contain existing skin diseases to current infected patients.   Evidence highlights the fact that hand washing to prevent infection is one of the easiest and cheapest means of preventing and managing infection (Rohde, 2006).   Some of the studies highlight the reduced incidents of infection with the application of hand washing techniques in the prison and the community setting.     The outcome which calls for specific measurement when applying the personal soaps during hand washing is: the rate of skin and other types of infection among prisoners with or without existing skin or other infections.   The measurement can be established by carrying out regular assessment of prisoners and their incidents of skin and other types of infection while incarcerated (Rohde, 2006).   Numbers acquired from the assessment will provide the intervention the much-needed informat ion to establish efficacy in terms of reduced incidents of skin and other infections, as well as contained infection in existing skin disease patients.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The prevention of skin infections in the prison systems is a major issue which boils down to the general infection control and hygiene practices within the system.   Limited water and hygiene supplies for inmates is a crucial determinant in the infection control practices in jails. In many jails.... In many jails, the availability of water supplies is low and often prevents the application of adequate hand hygiene practices (Rohde, 2006). Limited soap supplies, as well as sanitizers also prevent the application of appropriate hand hygiene techniques. As a result, inmates are often unable to wash their hands before and after eating, after doing hard labor, and after performing other activities which may dirty their hands. The probability of ingesting or inhaling bacteria is therefore very high among inmates. Most surfaces would be high sources of bacteria for these inmates, and their hands would easily spread the bacteria to other inmates (Rohde, 2006). Lack of hand hygiene can easily lead to bacterial infections, including skin infections. For which reason, skin infections have a high incidence rate among inmates. These health issues are however, very much preventable. With the application of proper hand hygiene techniques, as well as infection control measures, skin infections, as well as other diseases can be prevented and easily managed. Specific interventions which include the use of proper hand washing techniques, as well as the use of soaps and hand sanitizers are some of these measures which can be implemented in the prison systems (Rohde, 2006). The efficacy of these measures shall be evaluated based on research and studies which have already been carried out in relation to these infection-control measures. This paper shall now consider effective hand hygiene techniques which help prevent the spread of skin infection in jails. It shall critically analyze research and evidence on hand hygiene and the application of such interventions in the prison system. A protocol shall also be formulated based on the results of research

Is College for Everyone Essay Example for Free

Is College for Everyone Essay Going to College is a choice that everyone has. I think that College is for everyone because everyone in this world has a right to a good education. I know that good education will improve my chances of having a good job and a higher wage. But on the other hand, College is not free and mostly it is expensive. We have to pay for every semester, for the books and for some student loans and some students do not want to carry big responsibilities like getting into dept or paying loans so instead of going to College they just seek help from a master craft man. A Master craft man gives you a job and share his knowledge to you straightly to the point and without consuming a lot of time. There is also a chance of being successful like a master craft man even if you don’t go to College especially if you have better learning at a trade. But even though College is not free and it cost a lot, but I think everyone should at least try going to college because everything that you spend for College will get back to you ‘cause College will afford us more opportunity to make money for the reason that most of the highest paying jobs require a college degree. And knowing you earn a degree will undoubtedly give a lifetime of pride to yourself and to the whole world. College will make you an expert at something which you can share with others. Many social service positions like Doctor, Lawyer, Teacher or Scientist require a College degree and being able to help others means you have to educate yourself first through higher education. If you have a College degree, you will be able to support your family with a larger salary. You will be able to help your children with their homework and can give them a better future as a result they will be more likely to attend College. Otherwise, if you think you already have skills and expertise and if you think it is not better to spend half of your life in school then College is not for you. You can just improve your skills and expertise by yourself or by the help of others and you can apply to a job that you are interested in and at the same time to a job that doesn’t require a College degree. Like me, I am good at working with people, I love helping them and socializing with them however, it doesn’t mean that my skills and expertise are enough. I also want to work at the field of medicine so I should go to a University because there, I can get a Doctorate degree and I believe that my skills and expertise are not enough to reach my goals in life. Going to College will more improve our ability, flexibility, skills and expertise and will expand our understanding of the world and what it has to offer. You have more chances and choices at getting a good job by going to college. You will have a better chance to stay employed longer if you have a degree. I believe that College education is extremely necessary in our modern society. Jobs now are becoming increasingly harder to get, and with the increase of the uneducated population, having a College education will allow you to get most any job you apply for. However, people can still earn money even if they won’t go to College through jobs that don’t require a College degree like Web Developer, Medical Secretary, Teacher’s Aide, Hair stylist or House painter. Also, if you join an apprentice program and you are offered full employment when you become a journeyman you will get a good pay or if you already have a secure job and you are contented in the salary, you can survive even if you don’t go to College. But if the reason of not going to College is you can’t afford it, there are solutions; you can get into College through scholarship and student loans, or if the reason is you already have a secure job, then you can go to College at night because they are open about 7 o’clock in the morning to ten o’clock in the evening and also if you lose your job, at lease you still have a choice because you go in College and you got a degree. In reality and in most cases the more education we have, the more careers and jobs we can choose from and the more money we can earn. College is a proven pathway to greater awareness socially and academically. College will expose you to things that you will not find anywhere else. You will meet new people and you get to do amazing and new activities. College will improve your socializing skills because every day you will be able to socialize with different people from different countries with different attitudes and point of views in life. College will help you to be aware in your life and in the surroundings. It will help you realize what kind of society we have in this generation. In our generation, we have a watchful and judgmental society and because of that, College will open up our eyes, it will make us conscious and will make us think what kind of life we want to have in the future with this society, in other words, College is encouraging us to have a good educational background . Yet, Colle e will give us a lot of problems like having many projects, sleeping late because of homework, and dealing with strict professors also, managing schedules but I strongly believe that those problems are helpful to us. Through the problems that we will encounter at College, surely it will make us firm, stronger and will let us stand in our own and at the next time that we will encounter problems, it would be easier for us and more likely we can handle it in a right way. W will also be able to help people to solve their problems with confidence and knowing that through our College experiences, we learned to stand up and don’t easily give up. College will greatly prepare you to create and take the jobs of the future. College prepares you for the career you’re interested at and also it prepares every student in their way of facing life. Your experiences in College education make you stronger and help you grow up maturely and your manner of working is very important because it reflects what kind of educational background you have. Higher Education will increase our knowledge which we can use it if we already got a job. College open doors of opportunity and expands our horizons. I truly believe that education is valuable because education is our passport to the good future and education is the key to success. Everything can be taken away from us but not our knowledge and skills acquire through experience and education and I strongly believe that by going to College we will reach our goals and we will be able to live in a comfortable life.

Essay --

Globalization: Jobs: How Foreign Laborers Can Affect the U.S. Economy The economy is becoming increasingly global. Business face complex decisions when conducting operations, as business boundaries are no longer stated in national terms, but instead in global terms. For instance, management for companies ranging from medical information technology to software engineering must ask questions, such as: From what company should our company purchase input parts for our latest medical diagnostic equipment? Or should we outsource our manufacturing process for laptop computers overseas? Or how will globalization affect return to our investors for our latest software development subsidiary? Outsourcing is among one of the economic decisions businesses of all sizes must face. U.S. Corporations have high incentive to outsource job functions to foreign markets, as the wages of a foreign worker are a fraction of the domestic counterpart. The incentive is especially high to outsource to emerging markets such as China and India. According to a study conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2010, a production worker in India would work for an average of 92 cents an hour as compared to a U.S. worker who would not be able to legally obtain employment for any less than the U.S. minimum wage of $7.25 an hour (U.S. BLS, 2010). At that time, India labor cost just 13% of U.S. labor. Imagine a U.S. corporation competing with businesses that incur labor costs that are only 13% of the U.S. equivalent; in order for that business to remain profitable, they would outsource as many functions as possible. Outsourcing trends are unlikely to change, at least in the short-term futu re. Historically, outsourcing has occurred in labor intensive indust... ...oduct, is a formula that economists use to measure economic growth. GDP in China has grown at an average ___, whereas U.S. GDP has grown at ___ for the same period of ___. A reason behind this phenomenon is that developing countries typically grow at a faster economic pace than more industrialized nations. When the United States economy was industrializing, GDP grew at a pace of†¦. Modern economic theory demonstrates that some developing nations will eventually approach the economic wealth of more developed nations. In may not happen for at least fifty years, but eventually wage differences will substantially lessen, at least in terms of national boundaries. Foreign labor cost is currently a factor that aids firms in achieving an advantage in the market place. In the far future it is unlikely that the price of labor will be much different across national boundaries.

The Age of Stupid

How many of these Issues were you aware of before? I was aware of global warming; however I was not aware of what the contributing factors were, how severe it was, and how we as Americans are bad consumers and our decisions are effecting our environment. 2. What did you learn? Pick two issues mentioned and describe how they are related. I learned that thousands of years ago, the energy needed to grow our crops and feed our animals was limited by the dally unlighted falling on the earth and we were sustaining but now we use the energy equivalent to hundreds of years of sunlight every single year.Americans now consume twice as much oil than Europeans; nine times more than a Chinese person, fifteen times more than an Indian, and fifty times more than someone from Kenya and in doing so, the level of greenhouse gases and emissions increase pollution and affect the climate which contributes to global warming. It also further puts demands on the economy to produce oil, which is very expensi ve and dangerous to manufacture. 3. How Is business connected to the environment? Name two ways.The movie talks about â€Å"resource curse† when interviewing the young woman from Africa. It was said that finding oil increases countries poverty because as oil wealth is concentrated in the hands of few; the agriculture, education, and health system of the country become neglected and often collapse. Due to the political system, the 13% of revenue that Is supposed to be spent on community development is lost. Profit will always proceed when you have a demand for a product regardless of how It effects an environment.The movie explained that â€Å"flares† emit about 70 million tons of carbon dioxide every year which is more than the annual emission from ten million British homes and is the leading cause of asthma, bronchitis, skin disease, and cancer in areas where oil is found, yet it is easy to transport and sell so business is continued. 4. What do you feel are relevant and useful approaches to Innovation that can make a preference to the direction our planet is going (in relation to information shared here)?And how might we improve that, or build on that? Incorporating and taking advantage of alternative methods of energy such as solar panels, green products, electric cars that don't require fuel/oil and using the remaining oil we have and building a society that can function without It Instead of using tens of billions of barrels each day. As Americans we need to become better consumers and downsize n things we really do not need.The movie talked about consumerism and how it is a continuous cycle of wasting resources we really do not have. In order to improve or build on approaches to innovation, we first must educate ourselves about things like preventing deforestation, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. 5. Find an example of innovation, from any source, to substantiate your idea. (cite your source). Be ready to share this In class. Californ ians climate Is expected to become considerably warmer

Literary Analysis of Virginia Wolfe’s, Professions for Women

Fueled by the frustration of the masculine control that dominated her era, Virginia Woolf displayed her deepest feelings of oppression in her essay â€Å"Professions for Women†. Written in 1931, â€Å"Professions for Women† shows the internal conflict many women battled fiercely with when living their everyday lives. Woolf tells a story of a figurative â€Å"Angel in the House†, which is a stereotypical woman of the Victorian era and her efforts to break free from this stereotypical template. Woolf felt that for women to show men their true potential, they must wander beyond what society expects them to be and become an individual. Virginia Woolf’s skillful utilization of metaphorical diction and repetitious phrases help present her ideals to the reader while remaining rhetorically efficient. The â€Å"Angel in the House† example was referred to in numerous occasions in â€Å"Professions for Women†. The Angel was â€Å"charming†, â€Å"sympathetic† and â€Å"sympathetic† all qualities of a stereotypical woman in the Victorian era. Woolf’s diction implied dislike towards the Angel, stating â€Å"it was she who bothered me and wasted my time and so tormented me that at last I killed her†. Yet through extensive criticism, Woolf still referred to the Angel as â€Å"pure† and spoke of her good characteristics. The Angel in the House was a good thing and a bad thing. Good because all of her qualities were quite positive and seemed like a nice person, but bad because inadvertently, all these caring characteristics were holding women back from becoming their own individual. Instead of being an independent thinker, the Angel depended on men to support her and did not hesitate to serve them. The Angel would torment Woolf, telling her â€Å"Never let anybody guess you have a mind of your own† and because of the Angel’s messages; Woolf was forced to metaphorically â€Å"kill† the Angel to be able to think for herself. The Angel encompassed everything Woolf wanted to avoid; a naive, oblivious woman who was undermined by her masculine counterparts. Virginia Woolf wanted to create a profound effect on the readers of her work and her words reflect that goal. To solidify and strengthen some of her argument, Woolf took advantage of repeating phrases. When describing the Angel Woolf states, â€Å"She was immensely charming. She was utterly unselfish. She excelled in the difficult arts of family life. She sacrificed herself daily†. Woolf chose to use repetitious phrases and anaphors to reinforce the qualities of the Angel. If Woolf had simply listed the characteristics of he Angel, the description would have been weakened and less meaningful. Woolf uses a polymerization of two strategies to emphasize her purpose in the conclusion of her work â€Å"†¦how are you going to decorate it? With whom are you going to share it, and upon what terms†? Repeating rhetorical questions supplements her argument and provokes thought within the reader, which was Woolf’s goal from the beginning. Even though it was written in a n entirely different era, â€Å"Professions for Women† has many components that can be compared to live in the 21st century. Woolf was tied between two internal personas; the stereotypical, feeble minded woman (The Angel) and an independent, intellectually skilled writer and â€Å"Professions for Women† explores her internal battle with these distinct personalities. Purposefully, Wolf wanted to show that women could be independent and relinquish themselves from the mold society created. In today’s age we must ponder within ourselves; why as a society do we feel we must create models for people to follow? Can they make groups feel inferior to others?

Theories of Intelligence and Students Achievements

Theories of Intelligence and Students Achievements Summary The article discusses the role played by implicit theories of intelligence in influencing the achievements of adolescents in mathematics. This was done through two research studies that involved different groups of adolescents. The first study involved 373 adolescents in 7th grade. This study had two variables: students who held the belief that intelligence could be easily influenced, and students who believed that intelligence was fixed and cannot be altered.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Theories of Intelligence and Students Achievements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The researcher tested the efficacy and influence of goals and belief on individual effort. In the second study, a group of 48, 7th graders was taken through a learning model that focused on improvement of student motivation with regard to their beliefs. A control group of 43 students was also included as part of this study. In the first study, the belief that intelligence can be altered showed an upward trend in grades that students attained within the two years of the study. The belief that intelligence was fixed did not show either an upward or downward trend on student’s grades. The grades remained unchanged for the period of study. In the second study, the experimental group showed an upward trend in grades while the control group showed a downward trend. These results can be attributed to the many developmental changes that adolescents go through. These changes determine their academic achievements depending on how they affect their beliefs. Consequently, beliefs on intelligence affect their grades significantly. For example, students who believed that intelligence was fixed performed poorly in academics because they lacked the motivation to handle challenges. In contrast, students who believed that they could alter their intelligence, were motivated enough to handle challenges without giving up even if they failed. In addition, students in this group worked harder in order to increase their intelligence and attain high grades. According to the findings of the study, intelligence theories can be manipulated in real-life to alter the outcomes of situations. Reaction The study has several strengths that validate the findings. The establishment of control groups helped to authenticate the findings of the experimental groups. In addition, the number of participants eliminated the possibility of bias. The first study involved 337 students while the second study involved 99 students. On the other hand, the first study eliminated any doubt of the finding’s effectiveness in displaying the effects of intelligence theories on achievement because it was conducted for two years. Finally, the study was able to determine the effect of intelligence theories on achievement based on the findings.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It successfully showed the relationship between students’ achievements and their different beliefs with regard to intelligence theories. The study had weaknesses too. It involved students from one school only. This could have introduced some bias in the findings. The study should have included more schools to eliminate partiality because each school has different factors that either aid or hinder students’ belief in intelligence theories. In the second study, the experimental group received additional training that could have introduced some bias in the findings. In addition, the length of study was not sufficient to validate the results. This was unlike in the first study where students were followed for two years. Finally, the study was inconclusive because it did not consider the effect of teaching these theories to students, which could alter their beliefs. It only considered the effect of students†™ beliefs on the theories.

A Guide to Efficient Research - Proofreds Writing Tips Blog

A Guide to Efficient Research - Proofreds Writing Tips Blog A Guide to Efficient Research As students well know, keeping to a schedule is important when writing an academic paper. Before the hard work of writing can begin, there is a significant amount of research to undertake. Luckily, there are some practical things you can do while researching your paper to save time both immediately and when you come to read your notes. Here are some tips to ensure efficient reading, note taking and organisation. Focused Reading Before you begin your research, make sure you have a strong idea of what you will be writing about. This will allow you to focus on the most relevant texts. For instance, before you begin reading, it might help to write down some key questions you hope to answer. Reminding yourself of this should stop you from straying and reading irrelevant material. You can also use the contents page and index in a book to find the chapters that are most pertinent to your research. Reading every source cover to cover is not usually necessary. Skim reading can be helpful if you have a lot to read in a short time, but only if this is a skill you have developed. Without a lot of practice, skim reading can lead to missing important information. It makes far more sense to plan your research in advance so that you have enough time to read everything you need to read. How to Take Notes Rather than writing full sentences and lengthy paragraphs in your notes, try to abbreviate frequently used terms. If you know shorthand, this will obviously help, but it is usually simpler just to pick a few key terms to shorten. Historians, for example, often write ‘C19th’ to mean ‘nineteenth-century’ in their notes. Other symbols which might save you time when note taking are: ∠´ means ‘therefore’ w/ means ‘with’ w/o means ‘without’ The crucial thing is that you need to be able to understand the notes you have taken when you come to write your paper. In terms of readability, it also helps to keep your notes tidy and organized, remembering to record the title of the book, the author and the publication details for all sources. This will make it easier to find the book again if you need to check anything, as well as helping you write your reference list. If you are taking notes from a lecture, the same rules apply as for a book, but you should make a note of the date, the module and the lecturers name. Stay Organized There is little point in taking notes if you can’t find them when you need them later. If you have chosen to write your notes by hand, be sure to keep them in clearly labelled folders. These can be categorized in whichever way suits you best, either chronologically, alphabetically by author’s initials, or by topic. If you would like to have your own academic writing proofread, Proofed can check a sample of your work for free. Simply submit up to 500 words today!

Iraqi Legal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Iraqi Legal System - Essay Example Iraq’s legal system is based on Sunni and Shii fiqh sects and this is applied through the Sharia courts. Its legal system is an integrated form of various laws and customs; such as the constitutional law, legislation and statutory provisions, judicial precedents, customs, and juridical opinions. The Hanafi School of fiqh, originated in Iraq. In the 17th century, Iraq came under Ottoman rule, which introduced several new codes into Iraq’s legal system. These included civil, penal and commercial codes based on the European legal systems. After World War I, British Mandate was established in the region. This brought to an end, the control exercised by the Turkish Ottomans on Iraq. As such, Ottomans could not implement the Ottoman Law of Family Rights (OLFR) 1917 in Iraq (Legal History). The British administrators did not implement the OLFR because it was not a part of local law. In addition, there were an equal number of Shia and Sunni members in Iraq. After the Arab Revolt, King Faisal established a kingdom in Iraq in the year 1921. In 1932, Iraq obtained full independence from the British. The monarchy of King Faisal was overthrown in 1958, by a military coup; and Iraq became a republic. The Iraqi Law of Personal Status provides that the courts should deliver judgments, in accordance with the principles of Islamic Sharia law. Thus, the customary Islamic Sharia law constitutes the source of law in Iraq. This was confirmed by Article 1 of the Civil Code (Legal History). There are two important schools of fiqh in Iraq, namely the Jafari and Hanafi schools. In addition, Iraq contains other religious minority groups, like the Christians, Jews and Yezidis. It adopted a provisional constitution on 22 September 1968, and Article 4 of this constitution, declares Islam to be the state religion (Legal History). Iraq has adopted a legal system that is founded on European civil and Islamic law. However,

Evaluate aspects of inclusive learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluate aspects of inclusive learning - Essay Example Nevertheless, when bearing in mind inclusive learning and the need for belonging, there are extra measures a teacher can take (Simpson, 2014: 1). In planning of lessons, it is significant to not only consider what is being taught and where but also how (Melbourne, 2012: 1). In order to aid the feeling of an inclusive group, a teacher can take into consideration the learning physicality of the environment and if possible change it to support inclusivity. Where suitable this could be as modest as moving desks from a theatre style to a horseshoe style or cabaret to boost group communication as well as ascertain that all students can access or perceive their teacher equally. This action is supported by Bandura’s social learning theory. This theory says that learning happens in a social context just as much as what is learned is via observation of others (Bandura, 2014:Â  1). By having seating arrangement in a way that creates clear lines of sight and simple social communication, the teacher will permit students to develop a social bond to aid learning. In conclusion, inclusive teaching is all about accommodating, recognizing, as well as meeting learning needs of all students. In addition, it acknowledges that students have a range of personal learning needs. Melbourne, L. 2012. PTLLS PGCE CTLLS Post 16 Education Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 April

The Crucible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Crucible - Essay Example This suggests that not only does Willy Loman represent the ‘American Dream’, but the dreams and hopes of every man who wishes to do well by his family but is not quite living up to his own standards. The play won a Tony in 1999 for a revival of the work. Miller, then 84, was thrilled to be able to be at the awards show and see one of his greatest works receive such a prestigious award fifty years after it first was produced on Broadway (Moran 226). The work has lasted the test of time, the writing so poignant that the message is clear and understood even by modern audiences. It is possible that a modern audience can relate more deeply to the plight of Willy Loman. The depth to which consumerism has taken over the lives of Americans has lead to a belief that everyone is equally entitled to the luxuries of life and that it is not relevant to the socio-economic status of the individual. According to Marron, one myth of debt â€Å"presents credit as the social equalizer, of promoting higher standards of living among the masses and allowing all to enjoy the realization of the consumerist desires† (3). Willy Loman lives by reaching for that standard of living without having actually reached that standard of income and this is a familiar lifestyle to the modern American public. According to Cody and Sprinchorm â€Å"The working title of the play was â€Å"The Inside of his Head† which is where the play takes place - the immediate events, the evocations of the past, the fantasy memories† (336). The staging of the play is done in such a way that the past and the present can converge, Willy’s memories weaving in with his present experiences in order to reveal how he has arrived to this place where he feels he must make a dire sacrifice for his family. Jo Meilzner was the original set designer for the first production of Death of a Salesman. He designed the set with multiple levels so that the movement from one space to the next wa s done through lighting rather than changing the stage. He created effects that could change the time period in which the dialogue was taking place as Willy’s memories converged with his present circumstances. â€Å"When lighted from the rear, the buildings washed out to be replaced with projections of trees with leaves, suggesting Willy’s remembered past with its bright sunshine and cheerful ambiance† (Barranger 258). Influences of Memory The way in which memory is used within the play is indicative of the way in which Miller saw the act of remembering in relationship to the present circumstances of a man. While often times memory was part of a flashback or was brought up through conflict that resulted in revelation, Miller chose to place memory into the present, creating a living, palpable presence that was part of the moment. Miller stated that â€Å"There are no flashbacks in this play†¦ but only a mobile concurrency of past and present† (Cody an d Sprinchorn 336). This can be witnessed within the interchange between Willy and Charley when the memory of his brother Ben intrudes upon their conversation. Ben: Is Mother living with you? Willy: No, she died a long time ago. Charley: Who? Ben: That’s too bad. Fine specimen of a lady, Mother. Willy (to Charley): Heh? Ben: I’d hoped to see the old girl. Charley: Who died? Ben: Heard anything from Father, have you? Willy (unnerved): What do you mean, who

A Report On IP Video Surveillance

A Report On IP Video Surveillance The report is organized in the following way. The report starts with the introduction of the topic that includes the sub headings of: Aims and Objectives Literature review How does the IP video surveillance works Advantages of the IP video surveillance Disadvantages of the IP video surveillance Comparisons with the traditional video surveillance techniques Purpose of the research This is followed by the second chapter that explains the methodology of the research done. This contains the following sub headings. Definition of the research Reason for the research Research Philosophy Research Approach Research Strategy The research process Sampling of the Data Collection of the Data This is followed by the next chapter which is Findings and Analysis which consists of the following sub headings. Observations made Analysis of the observations. Other critical Findings. Inference and the basic derivations. Limitations of these findings and analysis This is followed by the last chapter which is Conclusion which takes the various aspects of the report and summarizes all the contents. Introduction PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH This research project which is titled as IP video surveillance in todays business environment is purposed to investigate, identify and explore mainly the following dimensions related to: The advantages and disadvantages of the IP video surveillance over the conventional and the traditional analog video surveillance. Explore the potential of the IP video surveillance in the fields like security, safety, and other business related purposes. Listing the latest and the most recent innovational developments in the field of IP video surveillance. Finding the designs related with the implementation of the IP video surveillance systems. Justifying the investment in the IP video surveillance for the business purposes. The video surveillance is finding the new applications in the physical security and safety in the various fields. To combat with the terrorism and theft along with finding the ways through the technological innovations to protect the personal and group properties and asset, the IP video surveillance technique is presently on its boom. This research project focuses on analyzing such benefits of the implementation of the IP based surveillance of the videos to see how the loss of the property and the time by the theft and other reasons can be avoided that affects the profits and the sales of any business or the organization whether it is a private firm, government organization, manufacturing units, retail stores, etc. The research is also focused on finding the methods and determining its feasibility to develop a security system be it the centralized or the distributed one for the world wide businesses and some other purposes by the use of the IP network enabled instruments for the video capture and other features. Another focus was to analyze the various aspects and protocols needed to assemble the various facilities available in the form of the internet and the world wide web with the various types of cameras and other electronic devices to transmit and receive the videos, communicating the data with the required control and security and the transmission of the related information in the most appropriate and the convenient way so as to seek the ultimate benefits to the business oriented environment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The main aim of the project IP video surveillance in todays business environment is to determine and study the capacity and potentiality of using the IP video surveillance and finding the most appropriate and feasible applications of it in the todays business environment through an in-depth analysis of its design and implementation. The main objective of this project is to study the over topic IP video surveillance and analyze its productivity and feasibility along with the justifications and the list of the advantageous factors for the implementation of this technology for the business related purposes. Other objectives of this project are also listed below: Exploring and understanding the benefits of using the IP based video surveillance in the security, safety and the management related issues of the business. Getting the justifications for the recommendation of the use of the IP video surveillance for the business purposes. To have a critical understanding of the concepts related with the available IP video surveillance technologies and the pros and cons of each of these concepts if applicable. To indentify the recent and the latest technological innovations in the field of the IP video surveillance with the emphasizing focus on the use of intelligence in the process involved in the form of video analytics. Analyze how the existing equipments and the systems can be utilized with the required modifications in order to get a planned migration from the existing video surveillance to the new technologies of the IP based video surveillance system. To analyze the construction and design for the implementation of the IP video surveillance system. The research will provide a deep insight of the technology of IP video surveillance along with the consideration of the existing, conventional and traditional ways of doing the video surveillance. The research has analyzed the different aspects of the changing trends with the complete overview of the advantages and implications of implementing the technology with the detailed report of benefits related to the security, safety and management of the businesses and their feasibility in the light of its complexity, monetary required and other essential elements. LITERATURE REVIEW In the literature review of this project, I have made a deep study of the published and unpublished work to understand and analyze the different concepts related to the video capturing, surveillance techniques and algorithms, various internet protocols along with the requirements and essential needs for the business professional and firms and the security and safety issues related to it. Several elements and components related with the project were analyzed and studied with the different perspectives to get an idea and the base to predict and get the inferential analysis of the fact and figures to get the final results and conclusions to predict and present the recommendations in the light and support of these analysis. The reviews and the reports were taken as the secondary source of the data which means that they are not based on the new findings or the experimental researches but just the referential reading material containing the data that has evolved out of the previously done researches and experiments to support for the further research and development. (What is a literature review?)It helped me to build the substantial knowledge base and the acquaintance of various methodologies for the study of the taken research project of IP video surveillance with its application in the todays business environment. The reviews and the studies were made from the different available resources like journals, books, reports, published or unpublished interviews, doctoral thesiss, doctoral presentations, newspaper articles, business reports, research papers from the different national and the international conferences and student project reports. This gave me enough insight of the previous researches done and the further research required and also helped me to know my domain of how I can contribute for the further research. These literature reviews also helped me to build up a base full of the knowledge and the logical aspects for the analysis of the information and the data gathered from the intensive interviews conducted. (What is a literature review?) The study of the few statistical concepts were also done to have a better understanding of the data and also for the removal of any undesired and unrequited error that may have crept in due to the negligence or the ignorance of the interviewee. To better understand the concepts of the digital and the analog practices and the technology of the CCTV surveillance I gone through the CCTV Surveillance, second edition book available at the Google books. (Kruegle, CCTV surveillance: analog and digital video practices and technology, 2006) The loss and the crime prevention techniques were studied from the Handbook on the loss prevention and the Crime prevention by the Lawrence J. Fennely which explained the benefits of implementation of CCTV video surveillance to the institutions. (Fennely, Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention, 2003) The researchers conducted by the IMS showed that the IP video surveillance is the fastest growing field of research in the physical and the remote security. (The business to business trade publication for information and physical Security profe, 2009) The increasing sophistication of the video analyst software and its integration with the other sensors were understood from the book Protecting Privacy in Video Surveillance by Andrew Senior. (Senior, 2009) The changes in the technologies, advantages and disadvantages of the IP video surveillance system, etc were studied from the different sources like an article by Lucy P.Roberts. (How IP-based video surveillance works) There is a growing need for information to support business intelligence application. Business intelligence information such as counting of people going in or out of the store, determining customer shopping habbits, information on the store occupancy information, and the others can be gathered using the video analytics. (Branislav, Embedded Computer Vision, 2009) Besides, several research papers like Towards developing Secure Video Surveillance over IP, Design and implementation of an IP-based Intelligent Video Surveillance System were also studied. Basics The IP video surveillance is one of the most promising technologies of the future that is designed to work on the Internet Protocols and allows the users to get the view of the distant images digitized over the local area or even the wide area network. The devices like high resolution video camera, CCD, etc takes the scene in front of it, converts it to the corresponding digital signal send it over the network, where it is transmitted to the computers, servers, etc to finally reach the destination. The server has the responsibility to manage all these information. These digital images are managed, recorded, displayed, and retransmitted to any part of the world using the various tools and techniques with the various software, hardware and algorithms. The software packages that is involved with the use of the video surveillance can be modified to serve for the various purposes like analyzing the data, selecting some of the features and the objects to watch for, hosting various function s, analyzing the environment, thus building it into the a powerful customizable tool for security and various other purposes. (Video Surveillance Technology) The IP-based digital video surveillance makes the use of CCD cameras which are the charged coupled devices, and use the digital signal processing tools and algorithms that sends the packetized or the buffered video streams over the LAN or WAN using the standard TCP/IP communication. (Video Surveillance Technology) To make the better utilization of the bandwidth, the transmission is done through a Cat 5 cable rather than the coax cable network. The IP video surveillance can also provide various intelligent data mining and information retrieval techniques to smartly analyze and extract the logical information from the video being processed. The tools and techniques like the data encryption and some others can be used to protect the transmitted data against the image processing in order to do away with the security issues if they are essential for the transmission of the videos to the remote locations. The technologies of the IP video surveillance is getting more and more advanced and in the recent developments the companies like D-Link and Linksys have developed such efficient digital cameras that have actually integrated the built-in web servers and no external device or computers are required to operate them with the signals being transmitted directly to the required remote locations for the storage and play-back purposes. (How IP-based video surveillance works) HOW DOES THE IP VIDEO SURVEILLANCE WORKS Earlier the technology that was used for the video surveillance was the analog technology. The process was quite simple with the use of the closed circuit televisions (CCTV) and the recording on the tapes. The recording used to be fine, where the images and the videos were used to get recorded on the storage devices and played back later on for the surveillance purposes but the problem was that it didnt broadcast the actual live information, so although it used to provide the essential information but was obviously impractical for monitoring the remote locations, etc. The quality of the picture was also not very good and also the human reliability was required as someone has to interfere with the system time to time in order to change the tapes regularly, etc. (Networks, 2010) In the simple terms, it provided the video after the happening of the fact and not instantly. With the revolution in the internet technologies in the 1990s and the increasing presence and the demand on the Local Area Network revolutionized the field of the video surveillance too. Now, the traditional analog cameras were able to be replaced by the digital ones and the Charged Coupled Devices (CCD) which came into the existence and gradually became affordable to most of the people. (Networks, 2010) With this revolution in the field, it provided the surveillance to do the important things like going live over the internet or a closed network for the purpose of surveillance, provide the better picture quality, clearer in view which can be easily manipulated. With the digitized images, it became much easier to zoom the images, track the particular scenes and enhance the feature as the user desires which has a large number of applications in law enforcement, defense purpose, research and development processes. (Video Surveillance) ADVANTAGES OF IP VIDEO SURVEILLANCE There are a number of advantages of the IP video surveillance for the home, business, defense, and research related purposes. Some of them are listed below (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage): The IP video surveillance can be very efficient in terms of its flexibility as the IP cameras can be highly mobile in the terms that it can be moved anywhere in the network having the IP standard. This mobility and the flexibility can be of very high level in case of the wireless networks. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) The cameras used in the surveillance, the IP cameras can be provided with the modifications to implement the distributed intelligence. This can be done by the various ways like adding the video analytics right on the cameras allowing it to get the scalability in the analytic solutions. (Benifits of network video Surveillance) The IP video surveillance also allows the two-way audio/video transmission through a single network cable which can allow the users to communicate with what they are seeing. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) With the development of the type of cameras in this field, various high range cameras with the high resolution which can provide the multi-megapixel resolution of the image and the HDTV image quality as high as 30 frames per second on a normal network. Transmission of the digital commands for the features like pan, tilt and zoom (PTZ) via a single network cable is also possible. (Benifits of network video Surveillance) The transmission of the videos can be done through the various encryption and authentication methods such as WPA, WPA2, WEP, TKIP, AES, etc. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) Another advantage of this technology is that it is highly remote accessible i.e. the live videos captured from one place can be viewed from anywhere in the world, any computer, any internet enabled device, also from the mobile smart phones, etc even they can be correspondingly viewed from a number of places at the same time. (Benifits of network video Surveillance) For the large systems like those that have more than 25-30 cameras, the IP video surveillance system becomes highly cost effective. The IP video surveillance can also be managed to function over the wireless networks which requires only the initial configuration through the routers after which they are ready to be used in the wireless network. This technique is of the extreme importance for their use in the navigation purposes in the defense forces. (Wireless Internet Video Cameras) The cameras used in the surveillance i.e. the IP cameras mostly do not require the additional power supply and can be operated using the PoE i.e. Power over Ethernet using the PoE protocol which derives the power from the Ethernet cable for the cameras to operate. (Power over Ethernet (PoE)) DISADVANTAGES OF IP VIDEO SURVEILLANCE With the number of advantages of using the IP Video surveillance, there are also few disadvantages related to its use. Some of them are listed below (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage): Comparatively high cost related with the surveillance due to higher initial cost related with the camera and its installation except for the cases when the cheap and less expensive webcams are used. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) If the system is transmitting the videos over the public Internet rather than a private LAN whether it is the CCTV or the DVR system, the system becomes quite opened to the hacking and cracking via the internet. Attackers can attack to the transmission stealing the various personnel, business or defense information which can be very harmful for the users. (IP versus analog cameras) The bandwidth required for the system is very high. A typical CCTV camera system of the resolution of 640X480 pixels and 10 frames per second in the MJPEG mode requires the bandwidth as at least 3 MB/S which is quite high for a normal user. (IP versus analog cameras) The installation procedures of the camera systems are considerably complicated and require the professional technical assistance. (IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage) COMPARISON WITH THE TRADITIONAL VIDEO SURVEILLANCE TECHNIQUES As described above earlier the analog or CCTV/ DVR system was used for the purpose of the video surveillance instead in comparison to the topic of our discussion which is IP based video surveillance. The comparison is summarized in the following table: Sl no. IP Video Surveillance Analog or CCTV/DVR Video Surveillance 1. The IP based video surveillance means the instant transmission of the images anytime anywhere and in the world. The live transmission of the obtained video is neither possible nor practical. 2. The quality of the recorded video does not decreases with the number of replays or repetitions. The quality of the storage gets poorer an poorer with the repetitions. 3. The IP standard can be used to control a number of cameras at the same time from one remote location 4. The recording on IP basis can be highly compressible and can be transported in the various ranges of formats, size and quality. Storage of the analog videos is generally much more bulky than the digitized ones. 5. Digital picture quality is generally better to that of the analog ones. The image quality is inferior to that which is obtained from the digital ones. 6. Encryption can be done for security purposes for the digital images. There are almost no encryption techniques available for the analog videos. 7. The updating in the requirements can be done very easy and inexpensively by having the updates and add ons in the software package or Internet networking. The updating just means the updating in the hardware. 8. The frame rates are adjustable. Frame rate can adjusted only through the hardware not through any algorithm. 9. The number of cameras can be easily added, removed or modified with very ease. The number of cameras can be added or deleted only in the set of 16 as in the case of DVRs. 10. Sharing can also be done on the wireless networks like Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wifi, etc Only the physical transport of the tapes is possible. 11. Standard IP video compression techniques can also be utilized. These techniques are not applicable here. ibliography Branislav. (2009). Embedded Computer Vision. Springer. Fennely, L. J. (2003). Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention. Elsevier. How IP-based video surveillance works. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2011, from Video Surveillance Guide: http://www.video-surveillance-guide.com/how-IP-based-video-surveillance-works.htm IP Camera Advantage and Disadvantage. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2011, from IPMarket.Info: http://ipvideomarket.info/report/should_i_use_ip_cameras__reviewing_ip_camera_advantages Kruegle, H. CCTV Surveillance, Videos services and technology. Kruegle, H. (2006). CCTV surveillance: analog and digital video practices and technology. Butterworth-Heinemann. Senior, A. (2009). Protecting Privacy in Video Surveillance. Springer. The business to business trade publication for information and physical Security profe. (2009, February). CXO Media Inc. Vol. 8, No. 1 , p. 36. Video Surveillance. (n.d.). Retrieved March 21, 2011, from Video Surveillance: http://www.videosurveillance.com/